PNB 2265 Exam 4 Material: Renal
System Questions and Answers
with correct 100%
How many liters do the kidneys filter per day? - CORRECT ANSWES -- The kidneys
filter 180 liters/day.
Urine output is ____ liters/day. - CORRECT ANSWES -- Urine output is 1-2 liters/day.
What percentage of filtrate volume is reabsorbed? - CORRECT ANSWES -- 99% of
filtrate volume is reabsorbed.
List the functions of the kidneys. - CORRECT ANSWES -- Functions of Kidneys:
-excrete wastes and foreign chemicals
-regulate H2O and ion (salt) balance
-secrete hormones
What is the anatomy of the renal system? - CORRECT ANSWES -- Anatomy of the
Renal System:
-kidneys
-ureters
-bladder
-renal capsule
-renal pelvis
-renal cortex (outer cortical and inner juxtamedullary regions)
-renal medulla (contains pyramids)
Is the outer cortex of the kidneys saltier than the inner medulla? Why? - CORRECT
ANSWES -- The inner medulla of the kidneys is saltier than the outer cortex because of
the osmotic gradient.
What is a nephron? - CORRECT ANSWES -- The nephron is the functional unit of the
kidney.
What is the anatomy of a nephron? - CORRECT ANSWES -- Anatomy of a Nephron:
-Bowman's capusle (filtration)
-proximal/distal convoluted tubules
, -Loop of Henle
-collecting duct
How is blood supplied to nephrons? - CORRECT ANSWES -- Blood is supplied to
nephrons via the renal artery, afferent/efferent arterioles, glomerulus, peritubular
capillaries/vasa recta (same thing), and renal vein.
What are the types of nephrons and which is more common? - CORRECT ANSWES --
The two types of nephrons include cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons. Cortical
nephrons are more common (85%).
What do juxtamedullary nephrons do? - CORRECT ANSWES -- Juxtamedullary
nephrons make the osmotic gradient/can osmoconcentrate urine.
What is the order of urine formation through a nephron? - CORRECT ANSWES -- Urine
Formation:
Bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, Loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule,
collecting duct
What is the site of filtration? - CORRECT ANSWES -- The renal corpuscle is the site of
filtration.
What makes up the renal corpuscle? - CORRECT ANSWES -- The parts of the renal
corpuscle include glomerular capillaries (fenestrated capillaries) and Bowman's capsule
(Podocytes).
Does the plasma contain cells? - CORRECT ANSWES -- No, the plasma does NOT
contain cells.
What are the characteristics of the juxtaglomerular apparatus? - CORRECT ANSWES --
Characteristics of Juxtaglomerular Apparatus:
-afferent arteriole comes in contact with distal tubule
-contains macula densa cells, which are osmoreceptors in distal tubule
-juxtaglomerular cells of afferent arteriole secrete renin
What are the basic renal processes? - CORRECT ANSWES -- The basic renal
processes are filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.
What is the definition of filtration? - CORRECT ANSWES -- Filtration is the bulk flow of
protein-free plasma from glomerular capillaries into the nephron.
-takes place in cortex
What is the definition of reabsorption? - CORRECT ANSWES -- Reabsorption is when
nutrients flow back into the blood via peritubular capillaries.
-takes place in medulla
System Questions and Answers
with correct 100%
How many liters do the kidneys filter per day? - CORRECT ANSWES -- The kidneys
filter 180 liters/day.
Urine output is ____ liters/day. - CORRECT ANSWES -- Urine output is 1-2 liters/day.
What percentage of filtrate volume is reabsorbed? - CORRECT ANSWES -- 99% of
filtrate volume is reabsorbed.
List the functions of the kidneys. - CORRECT ANSWES -- Functions of Kidneys:
-excrete wastes and foreign chemicals
-regulate H2O and ion (salt) balance
-secrete hormones
What is the anatomy of the renal system? - CORRECT ANSWES -- Anatomy of the
Renal System:
-kidneys
-ureters
-bladder
-renal capsule
-renal pelvis
-renal cortex (outer cortical and inner juxtamedullary regions)
-renal medulla (contains pyramids)
Is the outer cortex of the kidneys saltier than the inner medulla? Why? - CORRECT
ANSWES -- The inner medulla of the kidneys is saltier than the outer cortex because of
the osmotic gradient.
What is a nephron? - CORRECT ANSWES -- The nephron is the functional unit of the
kidney.
What is the anatomy of a nephron? - CORRECT ANSWES -- Anatomy of a Nephron:
-Bowman's capusle (filtration)
-proximal/distal convoluted tubules
, -Loop of Henle
-collecting duct
How is blood supplied to nephrons? - CORRECT ANSWES -- Blood is supplied to
nephrons via the renal artery, afferent/efferent arterioles, glomerulus, peritubular
capillaries/vasa recta (same thing), and renal vein.
What are the types of nephrons and which is more common? - CORRECT ANSWES --
The two types of nephrons include cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons. Cortical
nephrons are more common (85%).
What do juxtamedullary nephrons do? - CORRECT ANSWES -- Juxtamedullary
nephrons make the osmotic gradient/can osmoconcentrate urine.
What is the order of urine formation through a nephron? - CORRECT ANSWES -- Urine
Formation:
Bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, Loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule,
collecting duct
What is the site of filtration? - CORRECT ANSWES -- The renal corpuscle is the site of
filtration.
What makes up the renal corpuscle? - CORRECT ANSWES -- The parts of the renal
corpuscle include glomerular capillaries (fenestrated capillaries) and Bowman's capsule
(Podocytes).
Does the plasma contain cells? - CORRECT ANSWES -- No, the plasma does NOT
contain cells.
What are the characteristics of the juxtaglomerular apparatus? - CORRECT ANSWES --
Characteristics of Juxtaglomerular Apparatus:
-afferent arteriole comes in contact with distal tubule
-contains macula densa cells, which are osmoreceptors in distal tubule
-juxtaglomerular cells of afferent arteriole secrete renin
What are the basic renal processes? - CORRECT ANSWES -- The basic renal
processes are filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.
What is the definition of filtration? - CORRECT ANSWES -- Filtration is the bulk flow of
protein-free plasma from glomerular capillaries into the nephron.
-takes place in cortex
What is the definition of reabsorption? - CORRECT ANSWES -- Reabsorption is when
nutrients flow back into the blood via peritubular capillaries.
-takes place in medulla
