INTRAVENOUS THERAPY FOR THE PRACTICAL
NURSE EXAM 2026 CERTIFICATION TEST
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS UPDATED
◉ isotonic solution. Answer: A solution in which the concentration
of solutes is essentially equal to that of the cell which resides in the
solution
◉ hypertonic solution. Answer: A solution in which the
concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell that resides in
the solution
◉ hypotonic solution. Answer: A solution in which the concentration
of solutes is less than that of the cell that resides in the solution
◉ Heparin antidote. Answer: protamine sulfate
◉ INR. Answer: International Normalized Ratio - a calculation based
on the PT used to monitor patients using blood thinners. 2.0-3.0 is
the range for people taking warfarin:Coumadin
,◉ Causes of hematoma. Answer: poor venipuncture technique, flow
clamp left open, tourniquet left on to long, cannula to large, digging
into vein
◉ Signs of hematoma. Answer: Ecchymosis, immediate swelling at
the site & discomfort, leakage of blood at the insertion site- unable
to advance cannula
◉ Phlebitis. Answer: inflammation of the inner lining of a vein
◉ thrombophlebitis. Answer: inflammation of a vein associated with
a clot formation
◉ bacterial phlebitis is caused by. Answer: Poor hand hygiene, lack
of aseptic technique, failure to check equipment, or recognize early
signs of phlebitis
Often occurs during insertion
◉ Phlebitis Scale. Answer: 0 = No symptoms
1 = Erythema at access site with or without pain
2 = Pain at access site with erythema and/or edema
3 = Pain at access site with erythema and/or edema, streak
formation, palpable venous cord
, 4 = Pain at access site with erythema and/or edema, streak
formation, palpable venous cord >1 inch in length, and purulent
drainage
◉ erythema. Answer: redness of the skin
◉ Infiltration. Answer: admission of a non-vesicant med or solution
into the surrounding tissue
◉ Extravasation. Answer: admission of a vesicant into surrounding
tissue
◉ CVAD. Answer: central vascular access device or indwelling line
◉ treatment of thrombophlebitis. Answer: complete bed rest
avoid massage
heat and elevation promote venous return
anticoagulant therapy
◉ treatment of phlebitis. Answer: remove catheter, warm compress,
elevate extremity, apply analgesic or anti-inflammatory PRN
NURSE EXAM 2026 CERTIFICATION TEST
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS UPDATED
◉ isotonic solution. Answer: A solution in which the concentration
of solutes is essentially equal to that of the cell which resides in the
solution
◉ hypertonic solution. Answer: A solution in which the
concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell that resides in
the solution
◉ hypotonic solution. Answer: A solution in which the concentration
of solutes is less than that of the cell that resides in the solution
◉ Heparin antidote. Answer: protamine sulfate
◉ INR. Answer: International Normalized Ratio - a calculation based
on the PT used to monitor patients using blood thinners. 2.0-3.0 is
the range for people taking warfarin:Coumadin
,◉ Causes of hematoma. Answer: poor venipuncture technique, flow
clamp left open, tourniquet left on to long, cannula to large, digging
into vein
◉ Signs of hematoma. Answer: Ecchymosis, immediate swelling at
the site & discomfort, leakage of blood at the insertion site- unable
to advance cannula
◉ Phlebitis. Answer: inflammation of the inner lining of a vein
◉ thrombophlebitis. Answer: inflammation of a vein associated with
a clot formation
◉ bacterial phlebitis is caused by. Answer: Poor hand hygiene, lack
of aseptic technique, failure to check equipment, or recognize early
signs of phlebitis
Often occurs during insertion
◉ Phlebitis Scale. Answer: 0 = No symptoms
1 = Erythema at access site with or without pain
2 = Pain at access site with erythema and/or edema
3 = Pain at access site with erythema and/or edema, streak
formation, palpable venous cord
, 4 = Pain at access site with erythema and/or edema, streak
formation, palpable venous cord >1 inch in length, and purulent
drainage
◉ erythema. Answer: redness of the skin
◉ Infiltration. Answer: admission of a non-vesicant med or solution
into the surrounding tissue
◉ Extravasation. Answer: admission of a vesicant into surrounding
tissue
◉ CVAD. Answer: central vascular access device or indwelling line
◉ treatment of thrombophlebitis. Answer: complete bed rest
avoid massage
heat and elevation promote venous return
anticoagulant therapy
◉ treatment of phlebitis. Answer: remove catheter, warm compress,
elevate extremity, apply analgesic or anti-inflammatory PRN
