IVYTECH APHY 102 FINAL TEST 2026
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◍ oropharynx.
Answer: Which structure is highlighted
◍ breakdown and absorption of food.
Answer: What are the major function(s) of the digestive system?
◍ carbohydrates.
Answer: Salivary amylase digests
◍ obligatory water reabsorption.
Answer: Aquaporins always present in PCT to enhance osmosis
◍ water conservation.
Answer: (ADH) increases reabsorption of water from the renal tubule and
decreases urine volume when body water level is low; countercurrent
mechanism established by the nephron loop is utilized by the collecting
ducts
◍ viruses.
Answer: Interferons block replication of what?
◍ distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct.
Answer: Where does aldosterone and ADH exert effects?
◍ metabolic alkalosis.
Answer: Disorder indicated by a rising blood pH and a rising plasma
bicarbonate
◍ angiotensin I.
Answer: Renin converts angiotensinogen, a blood protein made by the liver,
, into _________
◍ to increase the secretion by the gastric glands.
Answer: Stomach cells secrete gastrin. What is the function of gastrin?
◍ venae cavae and coronary sinus.
Answer: Blood entering the right atrium comes from what structure(s)?
◍ osmotic gradient.
Answer: formed by nephron loop and utilized by collecting ducts to
conserve water when ADH is present
◍ the anti-A serum well and the anti-B serum well will show agglutination..
Answer: If the blood from an individual with type AB blood is mixed with
anti-A serum in one well and anti-B serum in a second separate well
◍ left auricle.
Answer: Which structure is highlighted?
◍ true.
Answer: because water moves freely between compartments, the solute
concentrations of all body fluids are equal (except during the first few
minutes after the change occurs in one of the fluids until it equilibrates)
◍ false.
Answer: a decrease in extracellular fluid solute concentration (hypotonic
solution) causes water to leave the cells
◍ urine is about 95% ___.
Answer: water
◍ losing acid (H+) and gaining base (HCO3-).
Answer: Renal compensation for respiratory acidosis would require the
kidneys adjust pH by?
◍ endocardium.
Answer: What is the deepest layer in the wall of the heart?
◍ angiotensin II functions.
, Answer: vasoconstrict blood vessels, stimulate release of aldosterone from
adrenal cortex, stimulate hypothalamus to produce thirst, stimulate release
of antidiuretic hormone from posterior pituitary
◍ renin.
Answer: secreted by juxtaglomerular cells of kidney if BP drops
dramatically or low NaCl
◍ right and left subclavian veins.
Answer: Lymph eventually is returned to the circulation at what blood
vessels?
◍ nephron loop.
Answer: Descending limb - H2O is reabsorbed but solutes are not causing
filtrate to be concentrated. Ascending limb - H2O cannot leave; solutes can.
Responsible for creating countercurrent mechanism.
◍ loss of base (drop in pH).
Answer: Decreased reabsorption of filtered bicarbonate would lead to?
◍ chemical buffer.
Answer: a system of one of more compounds that resist changes in pH when
a strong acid or base is added. They do this by binding H+ when the pH
drops (becomes acidic) and releasing H+ when the pH rises (becomes
basic/alkaline)
◍ parathyroid hormone.
Answer: acts on the ascending nephron loop, distal tubule, and collecting
tubule to increase Ca2+ reabsorption and blocks HPO42- reabsorption
◍ proximal convoluted tubule.
Answer: Site of most reabsorptionAll nutrients, e.g., glucose and amino
acids65% of Na+ and water, many ions
◍ distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts.
Answer: only modify filtrate if hormones are present (aldosterone, ADH,
atrial natriuretic peptide, or parathyroid hormone)
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◍ oropharynx.
Answer: Which structure is highlighted
◍ breakdown and absorption of food.
Answer: What are the major function(s) of the digestive system?
◍ carbohydrates.
Answer: Salivary amylase digests
◍ obligatory water reabsorption.
Answer: Aquaporins always present in PCT to enhance osmosis
◍ water conservation.
Answer: (ADH) increases reabsorption of water from the renal tubule and
decreases urine volume when body water level is low; countercurrent
mechanism established by the nephron loop is utilized by the collecting
ducts
◍ viruses.
Answer: Interferons block replication of what?
◍ distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct.
Answer: Where does aldosterone and ADH exert effects?
◍ metabolic alkalosis.
Answer: Disorder indicated by a rising blood pH and a rising plasma
bicarbonate
◍ angiotensin I.
Answer: Renin converts angiotensinogen, a blood protein made by the liver,
, into _________
◍ to increase the secretion by the gastric glands.
Answer: Stomach cells secrete gastrin. What is the function of gastrin?
◍ venae cavae and coronary sinus.
Answer: Blood entering the right atrium comes from what structure(s)?
◍ osmotic gradient.
Answer: formed by nephron loop and utilized by collecting ducts to
conserve water when ADH is present
◍ the anti-A serum well and the anti-B serum well will show agglutination..
Answer: If the blood from an individual with type AB blood is mixed with
anti-A serum in one well and anti-B serum in a second separate well
◍ left auricle.
Answer: Which structure is highlighted?
◍ true.
Answer: because water moves freely between compartments, the solute
concentrations of all body fluids are equal (except during the first few
minutes after the change occurs in one of the fluids until it equilibrates)
◍ false.
Answer: a decrease in extracellular fluid solute concentration (hypotonic
solution) causes water to leave the cells
◍ urine is about 95% ___.
Answer: water
◍ losing acid (H+) and gaining base (HCO3-).
Answer: Renal compensation for respiratory acidosis would require the
kidneys adjust pH by?
◍ endocardium.
Answer: What is the deepest layer in the wall of the heart?
◍ angiotensin II functions.
, Answer: vasoconstrict blood vessels, stimulate release of aldosterone from
adrenal cortex, stimulate hypothalamus to produce thirst, stimulate release
of antidiuretic hormone from posterior pituitary
◍ renin.
Answer: secreted by juxtaglomerular cells of kidney if BP drops
dramatically or low NaCl
◍ right and left subclavian veins.
Answer: Lymph eventually is returned to the circulation at what blood
vessels?
◍ nephron loop.
Answer: Descending limb - H2O is reabsorbed but solutes are not causing
filtrate to be concentrated. Ascending limb - H2O cannot leave; solutes can.
Responsible for creating countercurrent mechanism.
◍ loss of base (drop in pH).
Answer: Decreased reabsorption of filtered bicarbonate would lead to?
◍ chemical buffer.
Answer: a system of one of more compounds that resist changes in pH when
a strong acid or base is added. They do this by binding H+ when the pH
drops (becomes acidic) and releasing H+ when the pH rises (becomes
basic/alkaline)
◍ parathyroid hormone.
Answer: acts on the ascending nephron loop, distal tubule, and collecting
tubule to increase Ca2+ reabsorption and blocks HPO42- reabsorption
◍ proximal convoluted tubule.
Answer: Site of most reabsorptionAll nutrients, e.g., glucose and amino
acids65% of Na+ and water, many ions
◍ distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts.
Answer: only modify filtrate if hormones are present (aldosterone, ADH,
atrial natriuretic peptide, or parathyroid hormone)
