BIOS 255 EDAPT Week 1: Endocrine and Blood Systems 2026
Chamberlain College
1. Which type of gland secretes its products into ducts that lead to body
surfaces or cavities?
A. Endocrine glands
B. Autocrine glands
C. Paracrine glands
D. Exocrine glands
Answer: D
Rationale: Exocrine glands use ducts to transport secretions to surfaces, whereas
endocrine glands are ductless and secrete into the blood.
2. Which of the following is a characteristic of steroid hormones?
A. They are water-soluble
B. They are derived from cholesterol
C. They bind to surface receptors only
D. They use cAMP as a second messenger
Answer: B
Rationale: Steroid hormones are lipid-soluble and derived from cholesterol, allowing them
to cross the plasma membrane.
,3. What is the primary function of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)?
A. Increase water reabsorption in the kidneys
B. Stimulate milk ejection
C. Regulate sleep-wake cycles
D. Lower blood glucose levels
Answer: A
Rationale: ADH, produced by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary,
acts on the kidneys to conserve water.
4. Which hormone is responsible for the ‘fight or flight’ response, secreted by
the adrenal medulla?
A. Cortisol
B. Epinephrine
C. Aldosterone
D. Insulin
Answer: B
Rationale: Epinephrine (adrenaline) is released by the adrenal medulla during short-term
stress.
5. What is the normal pH range of human blood?
A. 7.00 - 7.10
B. 7.35 - 7.45
C. 6.85 - 6.95
D. 7.55 - 7.65
Answer: B
Rationale: Human blood is slightly alkaline, with a strictly regulated pH between 7.35 and
7.45.
, 6. Which plasma protein is most abundant and contributes significantly to
osmotic pressure?
A. Albumin
B. Globulin
C. Fibrinogen
D. Hemoglobin
Answer: A
Rationale: Albumin makes up about 60% of plasma proteins and is vital for maintaining
colloid osmotic pressure.
7. The percentage of total blood volume occupied by erythrocytes is called the:
A. Hemoglobin count
B. Hematocrit
C. Differential count
D. Buffy coat
Answer: B
Rationale: Hematocrit is the volume percentage of red blood cells in a sample of whole
blood.
8. Where does hematopoiesis (blood cell formation) primarily occur in adults?
A. Yellow bone marrow
B. Spleen
C. Red bone marrow
D. Liver
Answer: C
Rationale: Red bone marrow, found in axial skeleton and proximal epiphyses, is the site of
blood cell production.
Chamberlain College
1. Which type of gland secretes its products into ducts that lead to body
surfaces or cavities?
A. Endocrine glands
B. Autocrine glands
C. Paracrine glands
D. Exocrine glands
Answer: D
Rationale: Exocrine glands use ducts to transport secretions to surfaces, whereas
endocrine glands are ductless and secrete into the blood.
2. Which of the following is a characteristic of steroid hormones?
A. They are water-soluble
B. They are derived from cholesterol
C. They bind to surface receptors only
D. They use cAMP as a second messenger
Answer: B
Rationale: Steroid hormones are lipid-soluble and derived from cholesterol, allowing them
to cross the plasma membrane.
,3. What is the primary function of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)?
A. Increase water reabsorption in the kidneys
B. Stimulate milk ejection
C. Regulate sleep-wake cycles
D. Lower blood glucose levels
Answer: A
Rationale: ADH, produced by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary,
acts on the kidneys to conserve water.
4. Which hormone is responsible for the ‘fight or flight’ response, secreted by
the adrenal medulla?
A. Cortisol
B. Epinephrine
C. Aldosterone
D. Insulin
Answer: B
Rationale: Epinephrine (adrenaline) is released by the adrenal medulla during short-term
stress.
5. What is the normal pH range of human blood?
A. 7.00 - 7.10
B. 7.35 - 7.45
C. 6.85 - 6.95
D. 7.55 - 7.65
Answer: B
Rationale: Human blood is slightly alkaline, with a strictly regulated pH between 7.35 and
7.45.
, 6. Which plasma protein is most abundant and contributes significantly to
osmotic pressure?
A. Albumin
B. Globulin
C. Fibrinogen
D. Hemoglobin
Answer: A
Rationale: Albumin makes up about 60% of plasma proteins and is vital for maintaining
colloid osmotic pressure.
7. The percentage of total blood volume occupied by erythrocytes is called the:
A. Hemoglobin count
B. Hematocrit
C. Differential count
D. Buffy coat
Answer: B
Rationale: Hematocrit is the volume percentage of red blood cells in a sample of whole
blood.
8. Where does hematopoiesis (blood cell formation) primarily occur in adults?
A. Yellow bone marrow
B. Spleen
C. Red bone marrow
D. Liver
Answer: C
Rationale: Red bone marrow, found in axial skeleton and proximal epiphyses, is the site of
blood cell production.
