BIOS 255 EDAPT Week 2 & A&P III Lab Study Guide 2026 Chamberlain
College
1. Which type of gland secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream without
using a duct?
A. Exocrine gland
B. Sebaceous gland
C. Endocrine gland
D. Apocrine gland
Answer: C
Rationale: Endocrine glands are ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into the
blood or interstitial fluid.
2. Water-soluble hormones, such as peptides, typically act on target cells by:
A. Binding to intracellular receptors
B. Entering the nucleus directly
C. Binding to surface membrane receptors
D. Changing the plasma membrane permeability directly
Answer: C
Rationale: Water-soluble hormones cannot cross the cell membrane, so they bind to
receptors on the cell surface to trigger a second-messenger system.
,3. Which hormone is synthesized in the hypothalamus but released by the
posterior pituitary?
A. Oxytocin
B. Prolactin (PRL)
C. Growth Hormone (GH)
D. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Answer: A
Rationale: Oxytocin and Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) are produced in the hypothalamus
and stored/released by the posterior pituitary.
4. What is the primary target organ for the Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
(ACTH)?
A. Adrenal medulla
B. Pancreas
C. Thyroid gland
D. Adrenal cortex
Answer: D
Rationale: ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids like cortisol.
5. A deficiency in Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) leads to which condition?
A. Diabetes insipidus
B. Cushing’s syndrome
C. Diabetes mellitus
D. Addison’s disease
Answer: A
Rationale: Diabetes insipidus is characterized by excessive thirst and large amounts of
dilute urine due to a lack of ADH.
, 6. Which hormone is essential for the body’s metabolic rate and contains
iodine?
A. Thyroxine (T4)
B. Calcitonin
C. Aldosterone
D. Glucagon
Answer: A
Rationale: Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) require iodine for synthesis and are major
regulators of metabolism.
7. Which hormone is released in response to high blood calcium levels to lower
them?
A. Calcitonin
B. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
C. Cortisol
D. Aldosterone
Answer: A
Rationale: Calcitonin, produced by the thyroid’s parafollicular cells, helps lower blood
calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclasts.
8. The ‘fight-or-flight’ response is mediated by which hormones from the
adrenal medulla?
A. Cortisol and Aldosterone
B. Insulin and Glucagon
C. Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
D. Estrogen and Progesterone
Answer: C
Rationale: The adrenal medulla secretes catecholamines (epinephrine and
norepinephrine) during sympathetic nervous system activation.
College
1. Which type of gland secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream without
using a duct?
A. Exocrine gland
B. Sebaceous gland
C. Endocrine gland
D. Apocrine gland
Answer: C
Rationale: Endocrine glands are ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into the
blood or interstitial fluid.
2. Water-soluble hormones, such as peptides, typically act on target cells by:
A. Binding to intracellular receptors
B. Entering the nucleus directly
C. Binding to surface membrane receptors
D. Changing the plasma membrane permeability directly
Answer: C
Rationale: Water-soluble hormones cannot cross the cell membrane, so they bind to
receptors on the cell surface to trigger a second-messenger system.
,3. Which hormone is synthesized in the hypothalamus but released by the
posterior pituitary?
A. Oxytocin
B. Prolactin (PRL)
C. Growth Hormone (GH)
D. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Answer: A
Rationale: Oxytocin and Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) are produced in the hypothalamus
and stored/released by the posterior pituitary.
4. What is the primary target organ for the Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
(ACTH)?
A. Adrenal medulla
B. Pancreas
C. Thyroid gland
D. Adrenal cortex
Answer: D
Rationale: ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids like cortisol.
5. A deficiency in Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) leads to which condition?
A. Diabetes insipidus
B. Cushing’s syndrome
C. Diabetes mellitus
D. Addison’s disease
Answer: A
Rationale: Diabetes insipidus is characterized by excessive thirst and large amounts of
dilute urine due to a lack of ADH.
, 6. Which hormone is essential for the body’s metabolic rate and contains
iodine?
A. Thyroxine (T4)
B. Calcitonin
C. Aldosterone
D. Glucagon
Answer: A
Rationale: Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) require iodine for synthesis and are major
regulators of metabolism.
7. Which hormone is released in response to high blood calcium levels to lower
them?
A. Calcitonin
B. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
C. Cortisol
D. Aldosterone
Answer: A
Rationale: Calcitonin, produced by the thyroid’s parafollicular cells, helps lower blood
calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclasts.
8. The ‘fight-or-flight’ response is mediated by which hormones from the
adrenal medulla?
A. Cortisol and Aldosterone
B. Insulin and Glucagon
C. Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
D. Estrogen and Progesterone
Answer: C
Rationale: The adrenal medulla secretes catecholamines (epinephrine and
norepinephrine) during sympathetic nervous system activation.
