BIOS 255 EDAPT Week 3 Study Guide: Blood and the Heart 2026
Chamberlain
1. Which of the following is the most abundant plasma protein, responsible for
maintaining osmotic pressure?
A. Globulin
B. Fibrinogen
C. Hemoglobin
D. Albumin
Answer: D
Rationale: Albumin accounts for about 60% of plasma proteins and is the primary
contributor to colloid osmotic pressure.
2. What is the average lifespan of a mature erythrocyte in the human body?
A. 8 to 10 days
B. 6 months
C. 120 days
D. 1 year
Answer: C
Rationale: Erythrocytes circulate for approximately 120 days before being trapped and
destroyed in the spleen or liver.
,3. Which hormone, released primarily by the kidneys, stimulates the production
of red blood cells?
A. Thrombopoietin
B. Cortisol
C. Erythropoietin
D. Aldosterone
Answer: C
Rationale: Erythropoietin (EPO) is secreted by the kidneys in response to low oxygen
levels to stimulate erythropoiesis in the bone marrow.
4. Which leukocyte is typically the most numerous and serves as the ‘first
responder’ to bacterial infections?
A. Neutrophil
B. Lymphocyte
C. Monocyte
D. Eosinophil
Answer: A
Rationale: Neutrophils make up 50-70% of the WBC population and are highly phagocytic
against bacteria.
5. A patient with Type A+ blood can safely receive a transfusion from which of
the following donors?
A. Type O-
B. Type AB-
C. Type B+
D. Type AB+
Answer: A
Rationale: Type O- is the universal donor and can be safely given to a Type A+ patient.
, 6. Which of the following is a characteristic of the extrinsic pathway of blood
coagulation?
A. It is triggered by Tissue Factor (Factor III)
B. It is slower than the intrinsic pathway
C. It is triggered by Factor XII
D. It does not require Calcium
Answer: A
Rationale: The extrinsic pathway is triggered by tissue damage which releases Tissue
Factor (III) and is much faster than the intrinsic pathway.
7. What is the primary role of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow?
A. Producing antibodies
B. Phagocytizing bacteria
C. Producing platelets
D. Transporting iron
Answer: C
Rationale: Platelets are cytoplasmic fragments of large cells called megakaryocytes.
8. Which component of hemoglobin specifically binds to oxygen molecules?
A. Iron ion in the heme group
B. Globin chains
C. Bilirubin
D. Vitamin B12
Answer: A
Rationale: Each heme group contains an iron ion that can reversibly bind one oxygen
molecule.
Chamberlain
1. Which of the following is the most abundant plasma protein, responsible for
maintaining osmotic pressure?
A. Globulin
B. Fibrinogen
C. Hemoglobin
D. Albumin
Answer: D
Rationale: Albumin accounts for about 60% of plasma proteins and is the primary
contributor to colloid osmotic pressure.
2. What is the average lifespan of a mature erythrocyte in the human body?
A. 8 to 10 days
B. 6 months
C. 120 days
D. 1 year
Answer: C
Rationale: Erythrocytes circulate for approximately 120 days before being trapped and
destroyed in the spleen or liver.
,3. Which hormone, released primarily by the kidneys, stimulates the production
of red blood cells?
A. Thrombopoietin
B. Cortisol
C. Erythropoietin
D. Aldosterone
Answer: C
Rationale: Erythropoietin (EPO) is secreted by the kidneys in response to low oxygen
levels to stimulate erythropoiesis in the bone marrow.
4. Which leukocyte is typically the most numerous and serves as the ‘first
responder’ to bacterial infections?
A. Neutrophil
B. Lymphocyte
C. Monocyte
D. Eosinophil
Answer: A
Rationale: Neutrophils make up 50-70% of the WBC population and are highly phagocytic
against bacteria.
5. A patient with Type A+ blood can safely receive a transfusion from which of
the following donors?
A. Type O-
B. Type AB-
C. Type B+
D. Type AB+
Answer: A
Rationale: Type O- is the universal donor and can be safely given to a Type A+ patient.
, 6. Which of the following is a characteristic of the extrinsic pathway of blood
coagulation?
A. It is triggered by Tissue Factor (Factor III)
B. It is slower than the intrinsic pathway
C. It is triggered by Factor XII
D. It does not require Calcium
Answer: A
Rationale: The extrinsic pathway is triggered by tissue damage which releases Tissue
Factor (III) and is much faster than the intrinsic pathway.
7. What is the primary role of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow?
A. Producing antibodies
B. Phagocytizing bacteria
C. Producing platelets
D. Transporting iron
Answer: C
Rationale: Platelets are cytoplasmic fragments of large cells called megakaryocytes.
8. Which component of hemoglobin specifically binds to oxygen molecules?
A. Iron ion in the heme group
B. Globin chains
C. Bilirubin
D. Vitamin B12
Answer: A
Rationale: Each heme group contains an iron ion that can reversibly bind one oxygen
molecule.
