NR 507 Week 5: Endocrine, Renal, and Reproductive Pathophysiology
Quiz 2026 Chamberlain
1. Which of the following is the primary mechanism of Type 1 Diabetes
Mellitus?
A. Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues
B. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
C. Excessive glucagon secretion from alpha cells
D. Decreased glucose absorption in the GI tract
Answer: B
Rationale: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by an autoimmune-mediated
destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, leading to absolute insulin
deficiency.
2. A patient presents with a ‘buffalo hump,’ moon face, and abdominal striae.
Which condition is most likely?
A. Addison’s Disease
B. Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
C. Pheochromocytoma
D. Cushing’s Syndrome
Answer: D
Rationale: Cushing’s syndrome results from chronic exposure to excess glucocorticoids
(cortisol), leading to characteristic fat redistribution (moon face, buffalo hump) and skin
changes.
,3. Which laboratory finding is most characteristic of SIADH?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Serum osmolality of 310 mOsm/kg
C. Urine specific gravity of 1.001
D. Serum sodium of 125 mEq/L
Answer: D
Rationale: The Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) leads to
excessive water reabsorption, resulting in dilutional hyponatremia (low serum sodium).
4. What is the primary cause of the polyuria seen in Diabetes Insipidus?
A. Osmotic diuresis from glucose
B. Deficiency of or resistance to ADH
C. Increased glomerular filtration rate
D. Excessive sodium intake
Answer: B
Rationale: Diabetes Insipidus (DI) is caused by a deficiency of ADH (central) or a lack of
response to ADH (nephrogenic), preventing the kidneys from concentrating urine.
5. In Graves’ Disease, the pathophysiology involves:
A. Production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI)
B. Type IV hypersensitivity against the thyroid gland
C. Iodine deficiency leading to goiter
D. Destruction of follicles by macrophages
Answer: A
Rationale: Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder where TSI antibodies bind to and
stimulate the TSH receptors, causing hyperthyroidism.
, 6. Which hormone deficiency is primarily responsible for the symptoms of
Addison’s Disease?
A. Growth hormone
B. Insulin
C. Thyroxine
D. Cortisol and Aldosterone
Answer: D
Rationale: Addison’s disease, or primary adrenal insufficiency, involves the destruction of
the adrenal cortex, leading to a lack of cortisol and aldosterone.
7. A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) develops anemia. What is the
most likely cause?
A. Iron deficiency due to poor diet
B. Chronic blood loss during dialysis
C. Shortened lifespan of red blood cells
D. Reduced production of Erythropoietin
Answer: D
Rationale: The kidneys produce erythropoietin; in CKD, functional renal mass decreases,
leading to lower EPO levels and subsequent anemia.
8. Which of the following is a classic sign of Nephrotic Syndrome?
A. Gross hematuria
B. Proteinuria greater than 3.5g/day
C. Hypertension only
D. Low serum cholesterol
Answer: B
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is defined by heavy proteinuria (typically >3.5g/24h),
hypoalbuminemia, and edema.
Quiz 2026 Chamberlain
1. Which of the following is the primary mechanism of Type 1 Diabetes
Mellitus?
A. Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues
B. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
C. Excessive glucagon secretion from alpha cells
D. Decreased glucose absorption in the GI tract
Answer: B
Rationale: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by an autoimmune-mediated
destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, leading to absolute insulin
deficiency.
2. A patient presents with a ‘buffalo hump,’ moon face, and abdominal striae.
Which condition is most likely?
A. Addison’s Disease
B. Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
C. Pheochromocytoma
D. Cushing’s Syndrome
Answer: D
Rationale: Cushing’s syndrome results from chronic exposure to excess glucocorticoids
(cortisol), leading to characteristic fat redistribution (moon face, buffalo hump) and skin
changes.
,3. Which laboratory finding is most characteristic of SIADH?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Serum osmolality of 310 mOsm/kg
C. Urine specific gravity of 1.001
D. Serum sodium of 125 mEq/L
Answer: D
Rationale: The Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) leads to
excessive water reabsorption, resulting in dilutional hyponatremia (low serum sodium).
4. What is the primary cause of the polyuria seen in Diabetes Insipidus?
A. Osmotic diuresis from glucose
B. Deficiency of or resistance to ADH
C. Increased glomerular filtration rate
D. Excessive sodium intake
Answer: B
Rationale: Diabetes Insipidus (DI) is caused by a deficiency of ADH (central) or a lack of
response to ADH (nephrogenic), preventing the kidneys from concentrating urine.
5. In Graves’ Disease, the pathophysiology involves:
A. Production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI)
B. Type IV hypersensitivity against the thyroid gland
C. Iodine deficiency leading to goiter
D. Destruction of follicles by macrophages
Answer: A
Rationale: Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder where TSI antibodies bind to and
stimulate the TSH receptors, causing hyperthyroidism.
, 6. Which hormone deficiency is primarily responsible for the symptoms of
Addison’s Disease?
A. Growth hormone
B. Insulin
C. Thyroxine
D. Cortisol and Aldosterone
Answer: D
Rationale: Addison’s disease, or primary adrenal insufficiency, involves the destruction of
the adrenal cortex, leading to a lack of cortisol and aldosterone.
7. A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) develops anemia. What is the
most likely cause?
A. Iron deficiency due to poor diet
B. Chronic blood loss during dialysis
C. Shortened lifespan of red blood cells
D. Reduced production of Erythropoietin
Answer: D
Rationale: The kidneys produce erythropoietin; in CKD, functional renal mass decreases,
leading to lower EPO levels and subsequent anemia.
8. Which of the following is a classic sign of Nephrotic Syndrome?
A. Gross hematuria
B. Proteinuria greater than 3.5g/day
C. Hypertension only
D. Low serum cholesterol
Answer: B
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome is defined by heavy proteinuria (typically >3.5g/24h),
hypoalbuminemia, and edema.
