NR 507 Week 6 Pathophysiology Quiz 2026 Chamberlain
1. Which hormone is primarily responsible for the maturation of the ovarian
follicle during the first half of the menstrual cycle?
A. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
B. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
C. Progesterone
D. Testosterone
Answer: B
Rationale: FSH is secreted by the anterior pituitary and is the primary hormone
responsible for the maturation of the ovarian follicle.
2. A sudden surge in which hormone triggers ovulation?
A. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
B. FSH
C. Estrogen
D. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Answer: A
Rationale: The LH surge, stimulated by high levels of estrogen, causes the mature follicle to
rupture and release the egg (ovulation).
,3. Which hormone dominates the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle to prepare
the endometrium for implantation?
A. Progesterone
B. Inhibin
C. Prolactin
D. Androstenedione
Answer: A
Rationale: Progesterone is produced by the corpus luteum after ovulation to thicken the
endometrial lining in preparation for a potential pregnancy.
4. What is the clinical definition of primary amenorrhea?
A. Absence of menstruation for 3 months in a previously cycling woman
B. Absence of menstruation by age 13 without secondary sex characteristics
C. Painful menstruation starting with the first period
D. Irregular periods occurring every 45 days
Answer: B
Rationale: Primary amenorrhea is the failure of menarche by age 13 without secondary
sex characteristics or by age 15 regardless of secondary sex characteristics.
5. Which condition is characterized by the presence of functioning endometrial
tissue outside the uterine cavity?
A. Adenomyosis
B. Endometriosis
C. Endometritis
D. Leiomyoma
Answer: B
Rationale: Endometriosis occurs when endometrial glands and stroma grow in locations
outside the uterus, such as the ovaries or peritoneum.
, 6. In Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), what is the primary underlying
endocrine abnormality often linked to obesity?
A. Hypothyroidism
B. Insulin resistance
C. Low testosterone
D. Hyperprolactinemia
Answer: B
Rationale: Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia play a central role in the pathogenesis
of PCOS by stimulating androgen production.
7. What is the most common cause of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)?
A. Escherichia coli
B. Sexually transmitted infections like Chlamydia and Gonorrhea
C. Staphylococcus aureus
D. Group B Streptococcus
Answer: B
Rationale: PID is usually caused by the upward migration of Neisseria gonorrhoeae or
Chlamydia trachomatis from the vagina to the upper reproductive tract.
8. Which of the following is a long-term complication of untreated Pelvic
Inflammatory Disease?
A. Ovarian cysts
B. Uterine fibroids
C. Cervical polyps
D. Infertility and ectopic pregnancy
Answer: D
Rationale: Scarring and adhesions in the fallopian tubes following PID significantly
increase the risk for tubal factor infertility and ectopic pregnancy.
1. Which hormone is primarily responsible for the maturation of the ovarian
follicle during the first half of the menstrual cycle?
A. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
B. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
C. Progesterone
D. Testosterone
Answer: B
Rationale: FSH is secreted by the anterior pituitary and is the primary hormone
responsible for the maturation of the ovarian follicle.
2. A sudden surge in which hormone triggers ovulation?
A. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
B. FSH
C. Estrogen
D. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Answer: A
Rationale: The LH surge, stimulated by high levels of estrogen, causes the mature follicle to
rupture and release the egg (ovulation).
,3. Which hormone dominates the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle to prepare
the endometrium for implantation?
A. Progesterone
B. Inhibin
C. Prolactin
D. Androstenedione
Answer: A
Rationale: Progesterone is produced by the corpus luteum after ovulation to thicken the
endometrial lining in preparation for a potential pregnancy.
4. What is the clinical definition of primary amenorrhea?
A. Absence of menstruation for 3 months in a previously cycling woman
B. Absence of menstruation by age 13 without secondary sex characteristics
C. Painful menstruation starting with the first period
D. Irregular periods occurring every 45 days
Answer: B
Rationale: Primary amenorrhea is the failure of menarche by age 13 without secondary
sex characteristics or by age 15 regardless of secondary sex characteristics.
5. Which condition is characterized by the presence of functioning endometrial
tissue outside the uterine cavity?
A. Adenomyosis
B. Endometriosis
C. Endometritis
D. Leiomyoma
Answer: B
Rationale: Endometriosis occurs when endometrial glands and stroma grow in locations
outside the uterus, such as the ovaries or peritoneum.
, 6. In Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), what is the primary underlying
endocrine abnormality often linked to obesity?
A. Hypothyroidism
B. Insulin resistance
C. Low testosterone
D. Hyperprolactinemia
Answer: B
Rationale: Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia play a central role in the pathogenesis
of PCOS by stimulating androgen production.
7. What is the most common cause of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)?
A. Escherichia coli
B. Sexually transmitted infections like Chlamydia and Gonorrhea
C. Staphylococcus aureus
D. Group B Streptococcus
Answer: B
Rationale: PID is usually caused by the upward migration of Neisseria gonorrhoeae or
Chlamydia trachomatis from the vagina to the upper reproductive tract.
8. Which of the following is a long-term complication of untreated Pelvic
Inflammatory Disease?
A. Ovarian cysts
B. Uterine fibroids
C. Cervical polyps
D. Infertility and ectopic pregnancy
Answer: D
Rationale: Scarring and adhesions in the fallopian tubes following PID significantly
increase the risk for tubal factor infertility and ectopic pregnancy.
