NR 507 Week 6: Renal and Reproductive Pathophysiology Quiz 2026
Chamberlain
1. Which of the following is the most common cause of prerenal acute kidney
injury?
A. Hypovolemia
B. Kidney stones
C. Glomerulonephritis
D. Bladder outlet obstruction
Answer: A
Rationale: Prerenal AKI is caused by decreased blood flow to the kidneys, most commonly
due to hypovolemia or hypotension.
2. Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by which of the following clinical
findings?
A. Massive proteinuria (>3.5g/day)
B. Hematuria
C. Red blood cell casts
D. Low serum cholesterol
Answer: A
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome involves high levels of protein in the urine,
hypoalbuminemia, and edema.
,3. What is the primary mechanism behind the development of Polycystic Ovary
Syndrome (PCOS)?
A. Hyperinsulinemia and androgen excess
B. High estrogen and low testosterone
C. Low levels of Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
D. Primary ovarian failure
Answer: A
Rationale: PCOS is associated with insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and increased
androgen production.
4. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) often leads to secondary hyperparathyroidism
because of:
A. Decreased serum phosphorus
B. Increased activation of Vitamin D
C. Hypocalcemia due to Vitamin D deficiency
D. Excessive excretion of parathyroid hormone
Answer: C
Rationale: Kidneys fail to activate Vitamin D, leading to low calcium levels, which triggers
the parathyroid glands.
5. Which hormone is primarily responsible for the concentration of urine in the
distal tubule and collecting duct?
A. Aldosterone
B. Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
C. Cortisol
D. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Answer: D
Rationale: ADH increases the water permeability of the distal tubule and collecting ducts.
, 6. A patient presents with sudden flank pain and hematuria. Which type of
kidney stone is most common?
A. Calcium Oxalate
B. Uric Acid
C. Cystine
D. Struvite
Answer: A
Rationale: Calcium oxalate stones are the most common type of renal calculi.
7. Which organism is the most frequent cause of uncomplicated Urinary Tract
Infections (UTIs)?
A. Escherichia coli
B. Staphylococcus aureus
C. Proteus mirabilis
D. Klebsiella pneumoniae
Answer: A
Rationale: E. coli is responsible for about 80-85% of community-acquired UTIs.
8. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) primarily affects which part of the
prostate?
A. Peripheral zone
B. Central zone
C. Anterior fibromuscular stroma
D. Transition zone
Answer: D
Rationale: BPH occurs in the transition zone, which surrounds the urethra, leading to
obstructive symptoms.
Chamberlain
1. Which of the following is the most common cause of prerenal acute kidney
injury?
A. Hypovolemia
B. Kidney stones
C. Glomerulonephritis
D. Bladder outlet obstruction
Answer: A
Rationale: Prerenal AKI is caused by decreased blood flow to the kidneys, most commonly
due to hypovolemia or hypotension.
2. Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by which of the following clinical
findings?
A. Massive proteinuria (>3.5g/day)
B. Hematuria
C. Red blood cell casts
D. Low serum cholesterol
Answer: A
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome involves high levels of protein in the urine,
hypoalbuminemia, and edema.
,3. What is the primary mechanism behind the development of Polycystic Ovary
Syndrome (PCOS)?
A. Hyperinsulinemia and androgen excess
B. High estrogen and low testosterone
C. Low levels of Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
D. Primary ovarian failure
Answer: A
Rationale: PCOS is associated with insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and increased
androgen production.
4. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) often leads to secondary hyperparathyroidism
because of:
A. Decreased serum phosphorus
B. Increased activation of Vitamin D
C. Hypocalcemia due to Vitamin D deficiency
D. Excessive excretion of parathyroid hormone
Answer: C
Rationale: Kidneys fail to activate Vitamin D, leading to low calcium levels, which triggers
the parathyroid glands.
5. Which hormone is primarily responsible for the concentration of urine in the
distal tubule and collecting duct?
A. Aldosterone
B. Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
C. Cortisol
D. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Answer: D
Rationale: ADH increases the water permeability of the distal tubule and collecting ducts.
, 6. A patient presents with sudden flank pain and hematuria. Which type of
kidney stone is most common?
A. Calcium Oxalate
B. Uric Acid
C. Cystine
D. Struvite
Answer: A
Rationale: Calcium oxalate stones are the most common type of renal calculi.
7. Which organism is the most frequent cause of uncomplicated Urinary Tract
Infections (UTIs)?
A. Escherichia coli
B. Staphylococcus aureus
C. Proteus mirabilis
D. Klebsiella pneumoniae
Answer: A
Rationale: E. coli is responsible for about 80-85% of community-acquired UTIs.
8. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) primarily affects which part of the
prostate?
A. Peripheral zone
B. Central zone
C. Anterior fibromuscular stroma
D. Transition zone
Answer: D
Rationale: BPH occurs in the transition zone, which surrounds the urethra, leading to
obstructive symptoms.
