NR 507 Week 7 Advanced Pathophysiology Quiz - Reproductive and
Integumentary Systems 2026 Chamberlain
1. Which hormonal imbalance is primarily associated with Polycystic Ovary
Syndrome (PCOS)?
A. Low levels of Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
B. Hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance
C. Decreased levels of testosterone
D. Low levels of estrogen and high progesterone
Answer: B
Rationale: PCOS is characterized by hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and
anovulation, often involving elevated LH levels compared to FSH.
2. A 28-year-old female presents with severe pelvic pain during menstruation
and dyspareunia. Ectopic endometrial tissue is suspected. What is this condition
called?
A. Adenomyosis
B. Leiomyoma
C. Endometriosis
D. Pelvic inflammatory disease
Answer: C
Rationale: Endometriosis is the presence of functioning endometrial tissue outside the
uterus, which responds to hormonal cycles, causing pain.
,3. What is the primary cause of primary dysmenorrhea?
A. Excessive prostaglandin production
B. Uterine fibroids
C. Endometrial polyps
D. Ovarian cysts
Answer: A
Rationale: Primary dysmenorrhea is caused by excessive prostaglandin (PGF2-alpha)
release during the menstrual cycle, leading to uterine contractions and ischemia.
4. Which condition is defined by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma
within the myometrium of the uterus?
A. Cervical dysplasia
B. Adenomyosis
C. Endometriosis
D. Endometritis
Answer: B
Rationale: Adenomyosis is essentially endometriosis within the uterine muscle
(myometrium) itself.
5. Which strains of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) are most closely associated
with the development of cervical cancer?
A. HPV 6 and 11
B. HPV 1 and 2
C. HPV 16 and 18
D. HPV 3 and 10
Answer: C
Rationale: HPV 16 and 18 are high-risk types that cause the majority of cervical cancers by
integrating into the host genome.
, 6. A patient is diagnosed with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). What is the
primary clinical manifestation associated with this condition?
A. Painless hematuria
B. Increased urinary stream force
C. Severe testicular pain
D. Urinary frequency, urgency, and nocturia
Answer: D
Rationale: BPH causes compression of the urethra, leading to lower urinary tract
symptoms (LUTS) like frequency, urgency, and poor stream.
7. Which laboratory value is typically elevated in patients with prostate cancer
but can also be elevated in BPH or prostatitis?
A. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
B. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
C. C-reactive protein (CRP)
D. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
Answer: D
Rationale: PSA is a glycoprotein produced by the prostate; while its elevation is used to
screen for cancer, it is also elevated in non-malignant conditions like BPH.
8. A male patient presents with a painless, heavy sensation in the scrotum and a
‘bag of worms’ feeling on palpation. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Hydrocele
B. Varicocele
C. Spermatocele
D. Testicular torsion
Answer: B
Rationale: A varicocele is an abnormal dilation of the pampiniform plexus of veins, often
described as a bag of worms and associated with infertility.
Integumentary Systems 2026 Chamberlain
1. Which hormonal imbalance is primarily associated with Polycystic Ovary
Syndrome (PCOS)?
A. Low levels of Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
B. Hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance
C. Decreased levels of testosterone
D. Low levels of estrogen and high progesterone
Answer: B
Rationale: PCOS is characterized by hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and
anovulation, often involving elevated LH levels compared to FSH.
2. A 28-year-old female presents with severe pelvic pain during menstruation
and dyspareunia. Ectopic endometrial tissue is suspected. What is this condition
called?
A. Adenomyosis
B. Leiomyoma
C. Endometriosis
D. Pelvic inflammatory disease
Answer: C
Rationale: Endometriosis is the presence of functioning endometrial tissue outside the
uterus, which responds to hormonal cycles, causing pain.
,3. What is the primary cause of primary dysmenorrhea?
A. Excessive prostaglandin production
B. Uterine fibroids
C. Endometrial polyps
D. Ovarian cysts
Answer: A
Rationale: Primary dysmenorrhea is caused by excessive prostaglandin (PGF2-alpha)
release during the menstrual cycle, leading to uterine contractions and ischemia.
4. Which condition is defined by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma
within the myometrium of the uterus?
A. Cervical dysplasia
B. Adenomyosis
C. Endometriosis
D. Endometritis
Answer: B
Rationale: Adenomyosis is essentially endometriosis within the uterine muscle
(myometrium) itself.
5. Which strains of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) are most closely associated
with the development of cervical cancer?
A. HPV 6 and 11
B. HPV 1 and 2
C. HPV 16 and 18
D. HPV 3 and 10
Answer: C
Rationale: HPV 16 and 18 are high-risk types that cause the majority of cervical cancers by
integrating into the host genome.
, 6. A patient is diagnosed with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). What is the
primary clinical manifestation associated with this condition?
A. Painless hematuria
B. Increased urinary stream force
C. Severe testicular pain
D. Urinary frequency, urgency, and nocturia
Answer: D
Rationale: BPH causes compression of the urethra, leading to lower urinary tract
symptoms (LUTS) like frequency, urgency, and poor stream.
7. Which laboratory value is typically elevated in patients with prostate cancer
but can also be elevated in BPH or prostatitis?
A. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
B. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
C. C-reactive protein (CRP)
D. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
Answer: D
Rationale: PSA is a glycoprotein produced by the prostate; while its elevation is used to
screen for cancer, it is also elevated in non-malignant conditions like BPH.
8. A male patient presents with a painless, heavy sensation in the scrotum and a
‘bag of worms’ feeling on palpation. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Hydrocele
B. Varicocele
C. Spermatocele
D. Testicular torsion
Answer: B
Rationale: A varicocele is an abnormal dilation of the pampiniform plexus of veins, often
described as a bag of worms and associated with infertility.
