NR 507 Week 7 Advanced Pathophysiology Quiz 2026 Chamberlain
1. What is the primary pathophysiology behind Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
A. Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues
B. Decreased glucose absorption in the GI tract
C. Overproduction of glucagon by alpha cells
D. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
Answer: D
Rationale: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by the autoimmune destruction of
insulin-producing beta cells in the Islets of Langerhans, leading to an absolute insulin
deficiency.
2. Which lab result is most indicative of primary hypothyroidism?
A. High TSH and Low T4
B. High TSH and High T4
C. Low TSH and Low T4
D. Low TSH and High T4
Answer: A
Rationale: In primary hypothyroidism, the thyroid gland cannot produce enough T4,
which causes the pituitary gland to increase TSH production in a compensatory attempt.
,3. A patient with Graves’ disease likely has which of the following clinical
findings?
A. Bradycardia and weight gain
B. Hypotension and lethargy
C. Cold intolerance and dry skin
D. Exophthalmos and heat intolerance
Answer: D
Rationale: Graves’ disease is a form of hyperthyroidism often characterized by
exophthalmos (bulging eyes), heat intolerance, tachycardia, and weight loss.
4. What is the primary mechanism of the Somogyi effect in diabetic patients?
A. Morning hyperglycemia due to growth hormone release
B. Rebound hyperglycemia following an untreated episode of hypoglycemia
C. Insulin resistance caused by a high-carbohydrate dinner
D. Chronic dehydration leading to concentrated blood glucose
Answer: B
Rationale: The Somogyi effect occurs when nocturnal hypoglycemia triggers a counter-
regulatory hormone response (epinephrine, cortisol), leading to morning hyperglycemia.
5. In Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH), what electrolyte
imbalance is expected?
A. Hypernatremia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hyponatremia
D. Hypocalcemia
Answer: C
Rationale: SIADH involves excessive ADH, leading to water retention and dilutional
hyponatremia.
, 6. Cushing’s Syndrome is caused by an excess of which hormone?
A. Aldosterone
B. Antidiuretic Hormone
C. Cortisol
D. Growth Hormone
Answer: C
Rationale: Cushing’s Syndrome results from chronic exposure to excess glucocorticoids,
specifically cortisol.
7. Which clinical manifestation is characteristic of Addison’s Disease?
A. Hypertension and weight gain
B. Hyperpigmentation and hypotension
C. Hyperglycemia and moon face
D. Hypokalemia and alkalosis
Answer: B
Rationale: Addison’s Disease (adrenal insufficiency) presents with bronze skin
hyperpigmentation, hypotension, and fatigue due to low cortisol and aldosterone.
8. What is the hallmark of Diabetes Insipidus (DI)?
A. High urine specific gravity
B. Low urine specific gravity and polyuria
C. Glycosuria
D. Elevated serum glucose
Answer: B
Rationale: Diabetes Insipidus is caused by a lack of ADH or response to it, resulting in the
inability to concentrate urine, leading to high volumes of dilute urine.
1. What is the primary pathophysiology behind Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
A. Insulin resistance in peripheral tissues
B. Decreased glucose absorption in the GI tract
C. Overproduction of glucagon by alpha cells
D. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
Answer: D
Rationale: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by the autoimmune destruction of
insulin-producing beta cells in the Islets of Langerhans, leading to an absolute insulin
deficiency.
2. Which lab result is most indicative of primary hypothyroidism?
A. High TSH and Low T4
B. High TSH and High T4
C. Low TSH and Low T4
D. Low TSH and High T4
Answer: A
Rationale: In primary hypothyroidism, the thyroid gland cannot produce enough T4,
which causes the pituitary gland to increase TSH production in a compensatory attempt.
,3. A patient with Graves’ disease likely has which of the following clinical
findings?
A. Bradycardia and weight gain
B. Hypotension and lethargy
C. Cold intolerance and dry skin
D. Exophthalmos and heat intolerance
Answer: D
Rationale: Graves’ disease is a form of hyperthyroidism often characterized by
exophthalmos (bulging eyes), heat intolerance, tachycardia, and weight loss.
4. What is the primary mechanism of the Somogyi effect in diabetic patients?
A. Morning hyperglycemia due to growth hormone release
B. Rebound hyperglycemia following an untreated episode of hypoglycemia
C. Insulin resistance caused by a high-carbohydrate dinner
D. Chronic dehydration leading to concentrated blood glucose
Answer: B
Rationale: The Somogyi effect occurs when nocturnal hypoglycemia triggers a counter-
regulatory hormone response (epinephrine, cortisol), leading to morning hyperglycemia.
5. In Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH), what electrolyte
imbalance is expected?
A. Hypernatremia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hyponatremia
D. Hypocalcemia
Answer: C
Rationale: SIADH involves excessive ADH, leading to water retention and dilutional
hyponatremia.
, 6. Cushing’s Syndrome is caused by an excess of which hormone?
A. Aldosterone
B. Antidiuretic Hormone
C. Cortisol
D. Growth Hormone
Answer: C
Rationale: Cushing’s Syndrome results from chronic exposure to excess glucocorticoids,
specifically cortisol.
7. Which clinical manifestation is characteristic of Addison’s Disease?
A. Hypertension and weight gain
B. Hyperpigmentation and hypotension
C. Hyperglycemia and moon face
D. Hypokalemia and alkalosis
Answer: B
Rationale: Addison’s Disease (adrenal insufficiency) presents with bronze skin
hyperpigmentation, hypotension, and fatigue due to low cortisol and aldosterone.
8. What is the hallmark of Diabetes Insipidus (DI)?
A. High urine specific gravity
B. Low urine specific gravity and polyuria
C. Glycosuria
D. Elevated serum glucose
Answer: B
Rationale: Diabetes Insipidus is caused by a lack of ADH or response to it, resulting in the
inability to concentrate urine, leading to high volumes of dilute urine.
