NR 507 Week 7 Pathophysiology - Reproductive Systems and
Disorders 2026 Chamberlain
1. Which hormone is primarily responsible for the maturation of the ovarian
follicle during the follicular phase?
A. Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
B. Prolactin
C. Progesterone
D. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Answer: D
Rationale: FSH is released by the anterior pituitary to stimulate the growth and
maturation of ovarian follicles.
2. A surge in which hormone triggers ovulation in the female reproductive
cycle?
A. Inhibin
B. Estrogen
C. Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
D. Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
Answer: C
Rationale: A sharp rise in LH, known as the LH surge, is the primary trigger for the release
of an egg from the follicle.
,3. Which condition is characterized by the presence of functioning endometrial
tissue outside the uterine cavity?
A. Adenomyosis
B. Endometriosis
C. Leiomyoma
D. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Answer: B
Rationale: Endometriosis occurs when endometrial glands and stroma grow in locations
outside the uterus, such as the ovaries or peritoneum.
4. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is frequently associated with which
underlying metabolic condition?
A. Hypothyroidism
B. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
C. Addison’s Disease
D. Insulin Resistance
Answer: D
Rationale: Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia play a central role in the pathogenesis
of PCOS by stimulating androgen production.
5. In Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), where does the tissue overgrowth
primarily occur?
A. Seminal vesicles
B. Peripheral zone
C. Central zone
D. Transition zone
Answer: D
Rationale: BPH involves hyperplasia of the transition zone of the prostate, which
surrounds the urethra, leading to obstructive symptoms.
, 6. Which screening test is most commonly used to detect potential prostate
cancer in men?
A. Transrectal ultrasound
B. Alpha-fetoprotein
C. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)
D. CA-125
Answer: C
Rationale: PSA is a protein produced by the prostate; elevated levels in the blood can
indicate cancer, though it is not specific for cancer alone.
7. Which high-risk strains of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) are most strongly
associated with cervical cancer?
A. Strains 6 and 11
B. Strains 1 and 2
C. Strains 5 and 10
D. Strains 16 and 18
Answer: D
Rationale: HPV types 16 and 18 are responsible for approximately 70 percent of cervical
cancers worldwide.
8. Unopposed exposure to which hormone is a major risk factor for the
development of endometrial cancer?
A. Progesterone
B. Testosterone
C. Cortisol
D. Estrogen
Answer: D
Rationale: Chronic exposure to estrogen without the counterbalancing effect of
progesterone can lead to endometrial hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma.
Disorders 2026 Chamberlain
1. Which hormone is primarily responsible for the maturation of the ovarian
follicle during the follicular phase?
A. Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
B. Prolactin
C. Progesterone
D. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Answer: D
Rationale: FSH is released by the anterior pituitary to stimulate the growth and
maturation of ovarian follicles.
2. A surge in which hormone triggers ovulation in the female reproductive
cycle?
A. Inhibin
B. Estrogen
C. Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
D. Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
Answer: C
Rationale: A sharp rise in LH, known as the LH surge, is the primary trigger for the release
of an egg from the follicle.
,3. Which condition is characterized by the presence of functioning endometrial
tissue outside the uterine cavity?
A. Adenomyosis
B. Endometriosis
C. Leiomyoma
D. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Answer: B
Rationale: Endometriosis occurs when endometrial glands and stroma grow in locations
outside the uterus, such as the ovaries or peritoneum.
4. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is frequently associated with which
underlying metabolic condition?
A. Hypothyroidism
B. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
C. Addison’s Disease
D. Insulin Resistance
Answer: D
Rationale: Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia play a central role in the pathogenesis
of PCOS by stimulating androgen production.
5. In Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), where does the tissue overgrowth
primarily occur?
A. Seminal vesicles
B. Peripheral zone
C. Central zone
D. Transition zone
Answer: D
Rationale: BPH involves hyperplasia of the transition zone of the prostate, which
surrounds the urethra, leading to obstructive symptoms.
, 6. Which screening test is most commonly used to detect potential prostate
cancer in men?
A. Transrectal ultrasound
B. Alpha-fetoprotein
C. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)
D. CA-125
Answer: C
Rationale: PSA is a protein produced by the prostate; elevated levels in the blood can
indicate cancer, though it is not specific for cancer alone.
7. Which high-risk strains of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) are most strongly
associated with cervical cancer?
A. Strains 6 and 11
B. Strains 1 and 2
C. Strains 5 and 10
D. Strains 16 and 18
Answer: D
Rationale: HPV types 16 and 18 are responsible for approximately 70 percent of cervical
cancers worldwide.
8. Unopposed exposure to which hormone is a major risk factor for the
development of endometrial cancer?
A. Progesterone
B. Testosterone
C. Cortisol
D. Estrogen
Answer: D
Rationale: Chronic exposure to estrogen without the counterbalancing effect of
progesterone can lead to endometrial hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma.
