BIO 440 Midterm Functional Genomics
2025 Fall B- Arizona State University||
QUESTIONS AND WELL DETAILED
ANSWERS PLUS RATIONALES|| LATEST
UPDATE 2026
1. What is the primary function of DNA?
A) Store energy
B) Store genetic information
C) Produce proteins
D) Transport oxygen
Answer: B
Rationale: DNA contains hereditary information used to build and maintain organisms.*
2. What are the building blocks of DNA?
A) Amino acids
B) Nucleotides
C) Lipids
D) Sugars
Answer: B
Rationale: DNA is made of nucleotides (A, T, C, G).*
3. What type of bond holds DNA strands together?
A) Ionic bonds
B) Hydrogen bonds
C) Peptide bonds
D) Covalent bonds
Answer: B
Rationale: Hydrogen bonds connect complementary bases.*
4. Which base pairs with adenine in DNA?
A) Cytosine
B) Guanine
,C) Thymine
D) Uracil
Answer: C
Rationale: A pairs with T in DNA.*
5. What enzyme unwinds DNA during replication?
A) DNA polymerase
B) Helicase
C) Ligase
D) Primase
Answer: B
Rationale: Helicase breaks hydrogen bonds to separate strands.*
6. What is the role of DNA polymerase?
A) Unwind DNA
B) Add nucleotides
C) Join fragments
D) Remove RNA
Answer: B
Rationale: DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands.*
7. What is the leading strand in DNA replication?
A) Synthesized continuously
B) Synthesized in fragments
C) Not synthesized
D) Removed
Answer: A
Rationale: The leading strand is built continuously.*
8. What are Okazaki fragments?
A) RNA primers
B) Short DNA segments on lagging strand
C) Proteins
D) Enzymes
Answer: B
Rationale: Lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously.*
, 9. What enzyme joins Okazaki fragments?
A) Helicase
B) Ligase
C) Polymerase
D) Primase
Answer: B
Rationale: DNA ligase seals fragments together.*
10. What is transcription?
A) DNA → protein
B) DNA → RNA
C) RNA → protein
D) Protein → DNA
Answer: B
Rationale: Transcription produces mRNA from DNA.*
11. What enzyme is responsible for transcription?
A) DNA polymerase
B) RNA polymerase
C) Ligase
D) Helicase
Answer: B
Rationale: RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA.*
12. What is translation?
A) DNA → RNA
B) RNA → protein
C) Protein → DNA
D) RNA → DNA
Answer: B
Rationale: Ribosomes translate mRNA into proteins.*
13. What molecule carries amino acids to ribosomes?
A) mRNA
B) tRNA
C) rRNA
D) DNA
2025 Fall B- Arizona State University||
QUESTIONS AND WELL DETAILED
ANSWERS PLUS RATIONALES|| LATEST
UPDATE 2026
1. What is the primary function of DNA?
A) Store energy
B) Store genetic information
C) Produce proteins
D) Transport oxygen
Answer: B
Rationale: DNA contains hereditary information used to build and maintain organisms.*
2. What are the building blocks of DNA?
A) Amino acids
B) Nucleotides
C) Lipids
D) Sugars
Answer: B
Rationale: DNA is made of nucleotides (A, T, C, G).*
3. What type of bond holds DNA strands together?
A) Ionic bonds
B) Hydrogen bonds
C) Peptide bonds
D) Covalent bonds
Answer: B
Rationale: Hydrogen bonds connect complementary bases.*
4. Which base pairs with adenine in DNA?
A) Cytosine
B) Guanine
,C) Thymine
D) Uracil
Answer: C
Rationale: A pairs with T in DNA.*
5. What enzyme unwinds DNA during replication?
A) DNA polymerase
B) Helicase
C) Ligase
D) Primase
Answer: B
Rationale: Helicase breaks hydrogen bonds to separate strands.*
6. What is the role of DNA polymerase?
A) Unwind DNA
B) Add nucleotides
C) Join fragments
D) Remove RNA
Answer: B
Rationale: DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands.*
7. What is the leading strand in DNA replication?
A) Synthesized continuously
B) Synthesized in fragments
C) Not synthesized
D) Removed
Answer: A
Rationale: The leading strand is built continuously.*
8. What are Okazaki fragments?
A) RNA primers
B) Short DNA segments on lagging strand
C) Proteins
D) Enzymes
Answer: B
Rationale: Lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously.*
, 9. What enzyme joins Okazaki fragments?
A) Helicase
B) Ligase
C) Polymerase
D) Primase
Answer: B
Rationale: DNA ligase seals fragments together.*
10. What is transcription?
A) DNA → protein
B) DNA → RNA
C) RNA → protein
D) Protein → DNA
Answer: B
Rationale: Transcription produces mRNA from DNA.*
11. What enzyme is responsible for transcription?
A) DNA polymerase
B) RNA polymerase
C) Ligase
D) Helicase
Answer: B
Rationale: RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA.*
12. What is translation?
A) DNA → RNA
B) RNA → protein
C) Protein → DNA
D) RNA → DNA
Answer: B
Rationale: Ribosomes translate mRNA into proteins.*
13. What molecule carries amino acids to ribosomes?
A) mRNA
B) tRNA
C) rRNA
D) DNA
