NU 578 Controlled Substances (2026)
Exam Questions and Answers |
Verified | 100% Accurate
• complex partial seizure . Answer: Sz is characterized by impaired
consciousness and lack of responsiveness.
At Sz onset, pt becomes motionless and stares with a fixed gaze. This
state is followed by a period of automatism, in which the pt performs
repetitive, purposeless movements, such as lip smaking or hand
wringing. Sz last 45 to 90 seconds
• Secondarily generalized seizures . Answer: simple or complex partial
seizures evolving to a generalized seizure
• Generalized seizures . Answer: May be convulsive or nonconvulsive.
As a rule, they produce immediate loss of consciousness.
• tonic-clonic seizure . Answer: Neuronal discharge spread throughout
both hemispheres.
Sz manifest as major convulsions, characterized by a period of muscle
rigidity (tonic phase) followed by synchronous muscle jerks (clonic
phase).
Are accompanied by marked impairment of consciousness and are
followed by a period of CNS depression, referred to as the postictal
state. The sz itself typically lasts 90 seconds or less.
• Absence seizures (petit mal) . Answer: 10 to 30 sec loss of
consciousness with eyelid fluttering, abruptly stop activity
Pt may experience hundreds of absence attacks a day.
, Occur primarily in children and usually cease during the early teen
years.
• Atonic seizure (drop attack) . Answer: generalized seizure
characterized by sudden loss of muscle tone and strength; may cause the
head to drop suddenly, objects to fall from the hands, or the legs to lose
strength, with falling and potential injury
typically seen in children
• myoclonic seizure . Answer: sudden jerk of the body or extremities
lasts for just 1 second
• status epilepticus . Answer: a seizure that persists for 15-30 minutes or
longer or a series of recurrent seizures during which the pt does not
regain consciousness.
• febrile seizures . Answer: Seizures that result from sudden high fevers,
particularly in children 6 months to 5 years.
• How antiseizure drugs work . Answer: 5 Basic mechanisms:
Suppression of sodium influx, Suppression of Calcium influx, promotion
of potassium efflux, blockade of receptors for glutamate, and
potentiation or increase of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
• suppression of sodium influx . Answer: Dilantin (Phenytoin),
Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine
These drugs reversibly bind to sodium channels while they are in the
inactivated state and thereby prolong channel inactivation. By delaying
return to the active state, these drugs decrease the ability of neurons to
fire at high frequency. As a result, sz that depend on high-frequency
discharge are suppressed.
Exam Questions and Answers |
Verified | 100% Accurate
• complex partial seizure . Answer: Sz is characterized by impaired
consciousness and lack of responsiveness.
At Sz onset, pt becomes motionless and stares with a fixed gaze. This
state is followed by a period of automatism, in which the pt performs
repetitive, purposeless movements, such as lip smaking or hand
wringing. Sz last 45 to 90 seconds
• Secondarily generalized seizures . Answer: simple or complex partial
seizures evolving to a generalized seizure
• Generalized seizures . Answer: May be convulsive or nonconvulsive.
As a rule, they produce immediate loss of consciousness.
• tonic-clonic seizure . Answer: Neuronal discharge spread throughout
both hemispheres.
Sz manifest as major convulsions, characterized by a period of muscle
rigidity (tonic phase) followed by synchronous muscle jerks (clonic
phase).
Are accompanied by marked impairment of consciousness and are
followed by a period of CNS depression, referred to as the postictal
state. The sz itself typically lasts 90 seconds or less.
• Absence seizures (petit mal) . Answer: 10 to 30 sec loss of
consciousness with eyelid fluttering, abruptly stop activity
Pt may experience hundreds of absence attacks a day.
, Occur primarily in children and usually cease during the early teen
years.
• Atonic seizure (drop attack) . Answer: generalized seizure
characterized by sudden loss of muscle tone and strength; may cause the
head to drop suddenly, objects to fall from the hands, or the legs to lose
strength, with falling and potential injury
typically seen in children
• myoclonic seizure . Answer: sudden jerk of the body or extremities
lasts for just 1 second
• status epilepticus . Answer: a seizure that persists for 15-30 minutes or
longer or a series of recurrent seizures during which the pt does not
regain consciousness.
• febrile seizures . Answer: Seizures that result from sudden high fevers,
particularly in children 6 months to 5 years.
• How antiseizure drugs work . Answer: 5 Basic mechanisms:
Suppression of sodium influx, Suppression of Calcium influx, promotion
of potassium efflux, blockade of receptors for glutamate, and
potentiation or increase of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
• suppression of sodium influx . Answer: Dilantin (Phenytoin),
Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine
These drugs reversibly bind to sodium channels while they are in the
inactivated state and thereby prolong channel inactivation. By delaying
return to the active state, these drugs decrease the ability of neurons to
fire at high frequency. As a result, sz that depend on high-frequency
discharge are suppressed.
