LEWIS MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING 11TH
EDITION HARDING COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS
◉ Evidence-Based Practice (EBP). Answer: The use of the best
research-based evidence combined with clinician expertise and
consideration of patient preferences.
◉ Assessment Phase. Answer: To obtain data to diagnose patient
strengths and problems.
◉ Evaluation Phase. Answer: To determine if interventions have been
effective in meeting patient outcomes.
◉ Admission Database. Answer: A collection of information used to
develop a plan of care and discharge goals with patient input.
◉ Patient Care. Answer: Based on research, clinical expertise, and
patient preferences.
◉ Clinical Judgment. Answer: Part of EBP, incorporating current
research and research-based guidelines.
,◉ Patient Outcomes. Answer: Results that are evaluated to determine
the effectiveness of nursing interventions.
◉ Hypovolemia. Answer: A condition characterized by a deficiency in
the amount of blood volume in the body.
◉ Balanced Intake and Output. Answer: Measurable data showing
resolution of the problem of deficient fluid volume.
◉ Patient Goals. Answer: The desired outcomes that are established in
the clinical problem statement.
◉ Clinical Expertise. Answer: The knowledge and skills acquired
through experience in patient care.
◉ Nursing Theory. Answer: A framework that guides nursing practice
and incorporates the biopsychosocial nature of humans.
◉ Patient Concerns. Answer: Issues that need to be assessed to choose
appropriate interventions.
◉ Interventions. Answer: Actions taken by nurses to address patient
health problems.
◉ Data Analysis. Answer: The process of evaluating patient outcomes,
though not required to use EBP.
, ◉ Clinical Problem Statement. Answer: Includes the problem, its
causes, and the signs and symptoms of the problem.
◉ Patient Preferences. Answer: Considerations that should be included
in the planning of patient care.
◉ Research Evidence. Answer: Credible studies that inform nursing
practices, preferably randomized controlled studies.
◉ Nursing Interventions. Answer: Actions taken to address the
identified health care needs of patients.
◉ Patient Education. Answer: Teaching interventions that help patients
understand their health problems.
◉ Health Care Professionals. Answer: Individuals who provide care and
support to patients, including nurses and physicians.
◉ Patient Strengths. Answer: Positive attributes and capabilities of the
patient that can be leveraged in care.
◉ Signs and Symptoms. Answer: Indicators of a health problem that are
assessed during the nursing process.
EDITION HARDING COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS
◉ Evidence-Based Practice (EBP). Answer: The use of the best
research-based evidence combined with clinician expertise and
consideration of patient preferences.
◉ Assessment Phase. Answer: To obtain data to diagnose patient
strengths and problems.
◉ Evaluation Phase. Answer: To determine if interventions have been
effective in meeting patient outcomes.
◉ Admission Database. Answer: A collection of information used to
develop a plan of care and discharge goals with patient input.
◉ Patient Care. Answer: Based on research, clinical expertise, and
patient preferences.
◉ Clinical Judgment. Answer: Part of EBP, incorporating current
research and research-based guidelines.
,◉ Patient Outcomes. Answer: Results that are evaluated to determine
the effectiveness of nursing interventions.
◉ Hypovolemia. Answer: A condition characterized by a deficiency in
the amount of blood volume in the body.
◉ Balanced Intake and Output. Answer: Measurable data showing
resolution of the problem of deficient fluid volume.
◉ Patient Goals. Answer: The desired outcomes that are established in
the clinical problem statement.
◉ Clinical Expertise. Answer: The knowledge and skills acquired
through experience in patient care.
◉ Nursing Theory. Answer: A framework that guides nursing practice
and incorporates the biopsychosocial nature of humans.
◉ Patient Concerns. Answer: Issues that need to be assessed to choose
appropriate interventions.
◉ Interventions. Answer: Actions taken by nurses to address patient
health problems.
◉ Data Analysis. Answer: The process of evaluating patient outcomes,
though not required to use EBP.
, ◉ Clinical Problem Statement. Answer: Includes the problem, its
causes, and the signs and symptoms of the problem.
◉ Patient Preferences. Answer: Considerations that should be included
in the planning of patient care.
◉ Research Evidence. Answer: Credible studies that inform nursing
practices, preferably randomized controlled studies.
◉ Nursing Interventions. Answer: Actions taken to address the
identified health care needs of patients.
◉ Patient Education. Answer: Teaching interventions that help patients
understand their health problems.
◉ Health Care Professionals. Answer: Individuals who provide care and
support to patients, including nurses and physicians.
◉ Patient Strengths. Answer: Positive attributes and capabilities of the
patient that can be leveraged in care.
◉ Signs and Symptoms. Answer: Indicators of a health problem that are
assessed during the nursing process.
