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Edexcel IGCSE Biology Paper 1B (4BI1/1B) – November 2021 Question Paper

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Ace your Edexcel IGCSE Biology exams with this official November 2021 Paper 1B question paper, exactly the type used by the British International School of Boston – the only private high school in Boston, Massachusetts offering Pearson Edexcel IGCSE qualifications. This authentic past paper covers bread starch test (iodine solution turns blue-black), fungus on bread (mycelium, amylase enzyme), blood cells (red blood cells 5.0×10⁶ per mm³, white blood cells 6.0×10³ in standard form, red blood cells in 1000cm³ = 5.0×10¹², anaemia causes tiredness due to reduced oxygen transport), cow digestive system (rumen and reticulum, microorganisms digest cellulose), growth hormone in cows (increases milk production, reduces cow numbers, less methane emissions, but ethical concerns and energy input), vitamins (vitamin A for vision, vitamin D for bone growth), vitamin C effect on yeast growth (rate calculation without vitamin C = 6.50-0.50/30 = 0.20 g per hour, dry mass measurement by filtering and drying in oven, dependent variable is dry mass of yeast, controlled variables include temperature, pH, glucose concentration), genetic modification (vector like plasmid or virus transfers gene into organism), mineral ions (magnesium for chlorophyll), weed removal investigation design (hand pulling vs chemical spraying, control plot, measure crop yield at harvest, repeat plots, use mean yield), cholesterol (cell membrane function, artery lumen area calculation with 45% deposit – original area π×2²=12.56mm², available 55% = 6.91mm²), cholesterol data graph (histogram), mode range 160-199, percentage with higher risk (239 mg per 100cm³) = (115+34+32+9+5)/total×100, statins discussion (2.2% vs 3.8% heart attacks, reduces risk by 42%, but other factors affect heart disease), mouse hair colour genetics (gene definition, dominant allele codes for grey hair, second cross with both grey heterozygotes Gg × Gg gives 3 grey:1 white ratio, test cross with homozygous recessive white to determine unknown grey genotype), one gene having many effects (pleiotropy – albino mice have white hair, pink eyes, reduced exploration, most phenotypic features are polygenic and influenced by environment), asexual vs sexual reproduction (one parent vs two, no gametes vs gametes, genetically identical vs variation), female reproductive system (fertilisation in oviduct, fetus develops in uterus, hormones from ovary – oestrogen and progesterone regulate cycle and maintain pregnancy), male fertility and age (sperm released at age 40-43 = 202 million, mean number of sperm is better measure than volume or concentration alone, percentage decrease from 37-39 to 48-72 = 142 to 182 = 22% decrease), ocean food web (producers = microscopic algae and seaweed, secondary consumers include lobster and cod, food chain with four organisms including herring gull), pyramid of energy (bars represent energy at each trophic level, gets smaller at each level), energy loss explanation (heat, movement, undigested material, not all biomass consumed), starch in leaves experiment (destarching by placing in dark for 24-48 hours, removes starch so any new starch must come from photosynthesis during experiment), safety precaution for removing chlorophyll (use hot water bath, avoid ethanol near flame), control leaf (covered with foil or kept in dark), eye structure (A=ciliary muscles, C=suspensory ligaments, D=lens – for near object ciliary muscles contract, suspensory ligaments loosen, lens becomes more rounded and fat), reflex protecting retina (pupil reflex – bright light causes circular muscles in iris B to contract, radial muscles relax, pupil constricts, less light enters), lysozyme in tears (breaks down bacterial cell walls, prevents eye infections), pH 7 (neutral, optimal for lysozyme activity, does not damage eye tissues). Perfect for realistic exam practice under timed conditions – ideal for students following the Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9-1) Biology specification (4BI1) or Science Double Award (4SD0).

Meer zien Lees minder
Instelling
Senior / 12th Grade
Vak
BIOLOGY

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Instelling
Senior / 12th grade
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BIOLOGY
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