Kuby Immunology Chapter 1-4 Exam
With Latest Version Uploads 2026/2027
ofA large glycoprotein has been enzymatically digested in the laboratory to yield a
mixture glycopeptides ranging in size from 4 to 6 amino acids in length. Which of the
following would be expected if the peptide mixture were administered to an exerimental
animal together with an adjuvant such as complete Freund's adjuvant?
A) peptide-specific antibodies would be generated using the peptide mixture alone
B) carbohydrate-specific antibodies would be generated only if an adjuvant were
administered with the peptide mixture
C) peptide-specific antibodies would be generated only if they were injected with a
separate uncoupled protein carrier
D) peptide-specific and carbohydrate-specific antibody and T-cell responses would be
generated using the peptide mixture alone
E) there would be neither a humoral nor cell-mediated immune response to the peptides
in the mixture - ANSWER//E
The protection against smallpox virus infection afforded by prior infection with cowpox
virus represents
A) antigenic specificity
B) antigenic cross-reactivity
C) enhanced viral uptake by macrophages
D) innate immunity
E) passive protection - ANSWER//B
Converting a toxin to a toxoid
A) makes the toxin more immunogenic
B) reduces the pharmacological activity of the toxin
C) enhances binding with the antitoxin
,D) induces only innate immunity
E) increases phagocytosis - ANSWER//B
Haptens
A) require carrier molecules to be immunogenic
B) react with specific antibodies when homologous carriers are not employed
C) interact with specific antibody even if the hapten is monovalent
D) cannot stimulate secondary antobody responses without carriers
E) all of the above - ANSWER//E
An adjuvant is a substance that
A) increase the size of the immunogen
B) enhances the immunogenicity of haptens
C) increases the chemical complexity of the immunogen
D) enhances the immune response to the immunogen
E) enhances immunological cross-reactivity - ANSWER//D
A polyclonal antibody made against a large protein antigen reacts with it even when it is
denatured by disrupting all disulfide bonds. Another monoclonal antibody against the
antigen fails to react when it is similarly denatured. The most likely explanation can be
stated as follows:
A) the polyclonal antibody contains antibodies specific for several non-conformational
epitopes expressed by the antigen
B) The monoclonal antibody recognizes both conformational and non-conformational
epitopes
C) The monoclonal antibody is specific for disulfide bonds
D) The polyclonal antibody has a higher affinity for the antigen - ANSWER//A
Which is the best definition of "immunity"?
A. The state of having been exposed to a pathogen repeatedly
B. The state of being resistant to reinfection with a pathogen
C. When an individual has never been exposed to a pathogen
D. When the immune system is activated
E. When physical barriers are not enough to prevent infection - ANSWER//B
What happens to a pathogen as it becomes attenuated?
A. It becomes more dangerous to the host.
B. It gets smaller.
C. It has weakened virulence.
D. At becomes older.
E. All of the above - ANSWER//C
Which of the following is the BEST example of herd immunity?
A. A child infected with measles travels from Germany to the United States. Several
babies
, contract the disease, but the outbreak is largely contained due to vaccinations.
B. Certain populations of cattle are less susceptible to infection with encephalitis
because of
their genetic makeup.
C. Once a certain threshold of individuals has been infected with a novel human
pathogen, it is
unlikely that any more will be.
D. Geese and chickens are infected with different strains of influenza because they
express
different receptors on their cell surface.
E. When infection spreads through a population, certain individuals generate stronger
immune
responses than others. - ANSWER//A
Which of the following diseases does NOT currently have an effective vaccine?
A. Chicken pox
B. Polio
C. HIV
D. Small pox
E. Diptheria - ANSWER//C
Effectors of the humoral immune system are known as:
A. antibodies.
B. immunoglobulin.
C. complement.
D. B cells.
E. All of the above - ANSWER//E
Which of the following cell types are lymphocytes?
Which of the following generally does not apply to bone marrow (a primary lymphoid
organ) and secondary lymphoid organs?
A) cellular proliferation
B) differentiation of lymphocytes
C) cellular interaction
D) antigen-dependent response
E) None of the above. - ANSWER//D
Which of the following apply uniquely to secondary lymphoid organs?
A) presence of precursor B and T cells
B) circulation of lymphocytes
C) terminal differentiation
D) cellular proliferation
E) All of the above. - ANSWER//C
Which of the following does not apply to "innate" immune mechanisms?
With Latest Version Uploads 2026/2027
ofA large glycoprotein has been enzymatically digested in the laboratory to yield a
mixture glycopeptides ranging in size from 4 to 6 amino acids in length. Which of the
following would be expected if the peptide mixture were administered to an exerimental
animal together with an adjuvant such as complete Freund's adjuvant?
A) peptide-specific antibodies would be generated using the peptide mixture alone
B) carbohydrate-specific antibodies would be generated only if an adjuvant were
administered with the peptide mixture
C) peptide-specific antibodies would be generated only if they were injected with a
separate uncoupled protein carrier
D) peptide-specific and carbohydrate-specific antibody and T-cell responses would be
generated using the peptide mixture alone
E) there would be neither a humoral nor cell-mediated immune response to the peptides
in the mixture - ANSWER//E
The protection against smallpox virus infection afforded by prior infection with cowpox
virus represents
A) antigenic specificity
B) antigenic cross-reactivity
C) enhanced viral uptake by macrophages
D) innate immunity
E) passive protection - ANSWER//B
Converting a toxin to a toxoid
A) makes the toxin more immunogenic
B) reduces the pharmacological activity of the toxin
C) enhances binding with the antitoxin
,D) induces only innate immunity
E) increases phagocytosis - ANSWER//B
Haptens
A) require carrier molecules to be immunogenic
B) react with specific antibodies when homologous carriers are not employed
C) interact with specific antibody even if the hapten is monovalent
D) cannot stimulate secondary antobody responses without carriers
E) all of the above - ANSWER//E
An adjuvant is a substance that
A) increase the size of the immunogen
B) enhances the immunogenicity of haptens
C) increases the chemical complexity of the immunogen
D) enhances the immune response to the immunogen
E) enhances immunological cross-reactivity - ANSWER//D
A polyclonal antibody made against a large protein antigen reacts with it even when it is
denatured by disrupting all disulfide bonds. Another monoclonal antibody against the
antigen fails to react when it is similarly denatured. The most likely explanation can be
stated as follows:
A) the polyclonal antibody contains antibodies specific for several non-conformational
epitopes expressed by the antigen
B) The monoclonal antibody recognizes both conformational and non-conformational
epitopes
C) The monoclonal antibody is specific for disulfide bonds
D) The polyclonal antibody has a higher affinity for the antigen - ANSWER//A
Which is the best definition of "immunity"?
A. The state of having been exposed to a pathogen repeatedly
B. The state of being resistant to reinfection with a pathogen
C. When an individual has never been exposed to a pathogen
D. When the immune system is activated
E. When physical barriers are not enough to prevent infection - ANSWER//B
What happens to a pathogen as it becomes attenuated?
A. It becomes more dangerous to the host.
B. It gets smaller.
C. It has weakened virulence.
D. At becomes older.
E. All of the above - ANSWER//C
Which of the following is the BEST example of herd immunity?
A. A child infected with measles travels from Germany to the United States. Several
babies
, contract the disease, but the outbreak is largely contained due to vaccinations.
B. Certain populations of cattle are less susceptible to infection with encephalitis
because of
their genetic makeup.
C. Once a certain threshold of individuals has been infected with a novel human
pathogen, it is
unlikely that any more will be.
D. Geese and chickens are infected with different strains of influenza because they
express
different receptors on their cell surface.
E. When infection spreads through a population, certain individuals generate stronger
immune
responses than others. - ANSWER//A
Which of the following diseases does NOT currently have an effective vaccine?
A. Chicken pox
B. Polio
C. HIV
D. Small pox
E. Diptheria - ANSWER//C
Effectors of the humoral immune system are known as:
A. antibodies.
B. immunoglobulin.
C. complement.
D. B cells.
E. All of the above - ANSWER//E
Which of the following cell types are lymphocytes?
Which of the following generally does not apply to bone marrow (a primary lymphoid
organ) and secondary lymphoid organs?
A) cellular proliferation
B) differentiation of lymphocytes
C) cellular interaction
D) antigen-dependent response
E) None of the above. - ANSWER//D
Which of the following apply uniquely to secondary lymphoid organs?
A) presence of precursor B and T cells
B) circulation of lymphocytes
C) terminal differentiation
D) cellular proliferation
E) All of the above. - ANSWER//C
Which of the following does not apply to "innate" immune mechanisms?
