2
NU551 Midterm/Final Exam with precise detailed || || || || || ||
solutions
The family of a 68-year-old man who is in the end stages of small cell lung cancer is distraught at
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
his visible body wasting that has worsened in recent weeks. Which of the following phenomena
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
best accounts for the patient's anorexia and cachexia? - ✔✔Products of the tumor itself as well as
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
a hypermetabolic state cause cachexia
|| || || ||
A child possesses a trait that is the result of the interaction of two different genes, neither of which
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
could have produced the trait independently. Which of the following explanations best captures
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the genetic explanation for this? - ✔✔The outcome is the result of the interaction between
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
collaborative genes. ||
A 45-year-old patient who experienced exposure to radiation during an industrial accident several
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
years prior is being assessed. Which of the following phenomena may underlie the genetic
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
changes that have been noted in the patient? - ✔✔Base pairs may have been rearranged by the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
radiation exposure. ||
Which of the following pregnant women has most likely encountered the greatest increase in the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
risk that her child will have a fetal anomaly? - ✔✔A woman who has herpes simplex and recently
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
recovered from endocarditis || ||
The nurse practitioner is providing care for a patient with a diagnosis of cirrhosis, and he notes
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
that the patient's sclerae are jaundiced. The nurse practitioner recalls that jaundice is caused by
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
excess accumulation of bilirubin, a pigment that can accumulate in which part of the cell? -
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔Cytoplasm
A patient who has a diagnosis of lung cancer is scheduled to begin radiation treatment. The NP
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
providing pretreatment education is explaining some of the potential unwanted effects of the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
treatment. Which of the following statements by the nurse is most accurate? - ✔✔"Some patients
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
experience longer-term irritation of skin adjacent to the treatment site." || || || || || || || || ||
,2
A male patient of a nurse practitioner has an autosomal dominant disorder. The patient and his
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
partner are considering starting a family. Which of the patient's following statements indicates the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
patient has an adequate understanding of the genetic basis of this health problem? - ✔✔"I know
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
that a single mutant allele is to blame for the health problem."
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
A group of researchers has identified that the prevalence of two particular genetic disorders share
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
a statistical correlation. Which of the following statements best conveys the genetic rationale for
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
this situation? - ✔✔The genes causing each disorder are likely in the same section of the same
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
chromosome.
The NP is working with a family whose daughter has been recently diagnosed with the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
chromosomal disorder Turner syndrome. The NP would recognize that which of the following || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
statements about the characteristics of human chromosomes is accurate? - ✔✔Autosomes contain
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
the determination of an individual's sex.
|| || || || || ||
The NP is teaching a group of older adults about the value of including foods containing
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
antioxidants in their diet. Which of the following statements best captures the rationale || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
underlying the NPs advice? - ✔✔Antioxidants inhibit the actions of reactive oxygen species || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
(ROS).
Which target of both chemotherapy and radiation treatment accounts for adverse as well as
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
therapeutic effects? - ✔✔Rapidly proliferating cells || || || || ||
Which of the following patients of a primary care nurse practitioner would not require extra
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
screening for cancer? - ✔✔A 38-year-old female with Down syndrome and congenital scoliosis
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
A 7-year-old boy is admitted to the hospital with a suspected diagnosis of lead toxicity. Which of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the following assessment findings is most congruent with the patient's diagnosis? hi -
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔Hemoglobin 9.9 g/dL || ||
The NP is providing care for a 21-year-old female patient with gas gangrene of a compound
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
fracture in her arm. Which of the following assessment findings would the nurse most reasonably
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
expect to find when caring for a patient with a diagnosis of gas gangrene? - ✔✔Spreading edema
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
,2
A community health nurse practitioner is teaching a group of female high school students about
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the importance of regular Papanicolaou (Pap) smears. The nurse recognizes that which of the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
following items underlies the rationale for this teaching? - ✔✔Cancer of the uterine cervix
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
develops incrementally at a cellular level. || || || || ||
Which of the following statements most accurately conveys an aspect of cell injury due to
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
impaired calcium homeostasis? - ✔✔Injured cells tend to accumulate calcium.
|| || || || || || || || ||
A woman is surprised to read on the Internet that certain infections can cause cancer and has
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
sought clarification from her nurse practitioner during an office visit. How can the NP best
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
respond to the woman's query? - ✔✔"There are many viruses, but only a very few of them have
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
been shown to cause cancer in humans."
|| || || || || ||
The nurse practitioner working in occupational health has been asked to speak to a group of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
factory workers about the importance of wearing gloves when working with strong chemicals
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
such as turpentine and paint thinner. Which of the following characteristics of cell membranes
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
underlies the nurse's teaching? - ✔✔Cell membranes are impermeable to all but lipid-soluble
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
substances.
A 6-year-old girl with a diagnosis of Marfan syndrome is being assessed at a community health
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
clinic. Which of the following assessments would be the health care professional's lowest
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
priority? - ✔✔Tests of kidney function || || || || ||
A nurse practitioner employed in a hospitalist notices that a patient is experiencing muscle
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
atrophy following 2 weeks in traction after a motor vehicle accident. Which of the following
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
factors has most likely contributed to the atrophy of the patient's muscle cells? - ✔✔A reduction
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
of skeletal muscle use secondary to the traction treatment
|| || || || || || || ||
A nurse practitioner is educating a patient with a recent diagnosis of diabetes about the roles that
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
glucose and insulin play in the disease pathology and the fact that glucose must enter the cell in
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
order to provide energy for the patient. The nurse practitioner knows that which of the following
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
processes allows glucose to enter body cells - ✔✔Facilitated diffusion || || || || || || || || ||
, 2
A researcher is involved in the production of insulin through recombinant DNA technology.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Which of the following statements could the researcher best provide as a rationale for her work? -
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔The gene fragment responsible for insulin production can be isolated and reproduced.
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
A student nurse practitioner asks her preceptor about the origins of different tissues, and their
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
cellular origins during the process of development. Which of the following statements by the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
preceptor best describes the process of cell differentiation? - ✔✔"A fertilized ovum undergoes a
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
series of divisions, yielding many different cell types."
|| || || || || || ||
A 77-year-old male patient with a diagnosis of stomach cancer has been found to have metastases
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
in his liver. The patient and his family are surprised at this turn of events, stating that they don't
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
see how he could have developed cancer in his liver. Which of the following facts would underlie
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the reply that the care team provides? - ✔✔The portal circulatory system brings venous blood
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
from the gastrointestinal tract into the liver.
|| || || || || ||
The nurse practitioner is seeing a client who has an acute exacerbation of Crohn's disease. The NP
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
recognizes the fact that the disease involves the inflammation and irritation of the intestinal
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
lining. Which of the following types of tissue is most likely involved in the patient's pathology? -
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔Simple columnar epithelium || ||
An infant who is four days postpartum has been diagnosed with a single-gene disorder. The
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
parents of the child have a number of questions about the etiology of the health problem, which
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the physician is attempting to address in detail. Which of the following teaching points most
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
accurately captures an aspect of single-gene congenital disorders? - ✔✔A particular defect can be
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
caused by mutations at one of several different loci.
|| || || || || || || || ||
Following a biopsy, a 54-year-old man has been diagnosed as having a benign neoplastic tumor.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Which of the following characteristics most likely applies to his tumor? - ✔✔The well-
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
differentiated neoplastic cells are clustered together in a single mass. || || || || || || || || ||
As part of an orientation to a genetic counseling practice, a group of medical students is
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
differentiating between autosomal recessive disorders and autosomal dominant disorders. Which || || || || || || || || || ||
NU551 Midterm/Final Exam with precise detailed || || || || || ||
solutions
The family of a 68-year-old man who is in the end stages of small cell lung cancer is distraught at
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
his visible body wasting that has worsened in recent weeks. Which of the following phenomena
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
best accounts for the patient's anorexia and cachexia? - ✔✔Products of the tumor itself as well as
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
a hypermetabolic state cause cachexia
|| || || ||
A child possesses a trait that is the result of the interaction of two different genes, neither of which
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
could have produced the trait independently. Which of the following explanations best captures
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the genetic explanation for this? - ✔✔The outcome is the result of the interaction between
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
collaborative genes. ||
A 45-year-old patient who experienced exposure to radiation during an industrial accident several
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
years prior is being assessed. Which of the following phenomena may underlie the genetic
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
changes that have been noted in the patient? - ✔✔Base pairs may have been rearranged by the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
radiation exposure. ||
Which of the following pregnant women has most likely encountered the greatest increase in the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
risk that her child will have a fetal anomaly? - ✔✔A woman who has herpes simplex and recently
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
recovered from endocarditis || ||
The nurse practitioner is providing care for a patient with a diagnosis of cirrhosis, and he notes
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
that the patient's sclerae are jaundiced. The nurse practitioner recalls that jaundice is caused by
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
excess accumulation of bilirubin, a pigment that can accumulate in which part of the cell? -
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔Cytoplasm
A patient who has a diagnosis of lung cancer is scheduled to begin radiation treatment. The NP
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
providing pretreatment education is explaining some of the potential unwanted effects of the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
treatment. Which of the following statements by the nurse is most accurate? - ✔✔"Some patients
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
experience longer-term irritation of skin adjacent to the treatment site." || || || || || || || || ||
,2
A male patient of a nurse practitioner has an autosomal dominant disorder. The patient and his
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
partner are considering starting a family. Which of the patient's following statements indicates the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
patient has an adequate understanding of the genetic basis of this health problem? - ✔✔"I know
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
that a single mutant allele is to blame for the health problem."
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
A group of researchers has identified that the prevalence of two particular genetic disorders share
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
a statistical correlation. Which of the following statements best conveys the genetic rationale for
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
this situation? - ✔✔The genes causing each disorder are likely in the same section of the same
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
chromosome.
The NP is working with a family whose daughter has been recently diagnosed with the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
chromosomal disorder Turner syndrome. The NP would recognize that which of the following || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
statements about the characteristics of human chromosomes is accurate? - ✔✔Autosomes contain
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
the determination of an individual's sex.
|| || || || || ||
The NP is teaching a group of older adults about the value of including foods containing
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
antioxidants in their diet. Which of the following statements best captures the rationale || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
underlying the NPs advice? - ✔✔Antioxidants inhibit the actions of reactive oxygen species || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
(ROS).
Which target of both chemotherapy and radiation treatment accounts for adverse as well as
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
therapeutic effects? - ✔✔Rapidly proliferating cells || || || || ||
Which of the following patients of a primary care nurse practitioner would not require extra
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
screening for cancer? - ✔✔A 38-year-old female with Down syndrome and congenital scoliosis
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
A 7-year-old boy is admitted to the hospital with a suspected diagnosis of lead toxicity. Which of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the following assessment findings is most congruent with the patient's diagnosis? hi -
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔Hemoglobin 9.9 g/dL || ||
The NP is providing care for a 21-year-old female patient with gas gangrene of a compound
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
fracture in her arm. Which of the following assessment findings would the nurse most reasonably
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
expect to find when caring for a patient with a diagnosis of gas gangrene? - ✔✔Spreading edema
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
,2
A community health nurse practitioner is teaching a group of female high school students about
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the importance of regular Papanicolaou (Pap) smears. The nurse recognizes that which of the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
following items underlies the rationale for this teaching? - ✔✔Cancer of the uterine cervix
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
develops incrementally at a cellular level. || || || || ||
Which of the following statements most accurately conveys an aspect of cell injury due to
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
impaired calcium homeostasis? - ✔✔Injured cells tend to accumulate calcium.
|| || || || || || || || ||
A woman is surprised to read on the Internet that certain infections can cause cancer and has
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
sought clarification from her nurse practitioner during an office visit. How can the NP best
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
respond to the woman's query? - ✔✔"There are many viruses, but only a very few of them have
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
been shown to cause cancer in humans."
|| || || || || ||
The nurse practitioner working in occupational health has been asked to speak to a group of
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
factory workers about the importance of wearing gloves when working with strong chemicals
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
such as turpentine and paint thinner. Which of the following characteristics of cell membranes
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
underlies the nurse's teaching? - ✔✔Cell membranes are impermeable to all but lipid-soluble
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
substances.
A 6-year-old girl with a diagnosis of Marfan syndrome is being assessed at a community health
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
clinic. Which of the following assessments would be the health care professional's lowest
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
priority? - ✔✔Tests of kidney function || || || || ||
A nurse practitioner employed in a hospitalist notices that a patient is experiencing muscle
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
atrophy following 2 weeks in traction after a motor vehicle accident. Which of the following
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
factors has most likely contributed to the atrophy of the patient's muscle cells? - ✔✔A reduction
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
of skeletal muscle use secondary to the traction treatment
|| || || || || || || ||
A nurse practitioner is educating a patient with a recent diagnosis of diabetes about the roles that
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
glucose and insulin play in the disease pathology and the fact that glucose must enter the cell in
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
order to provide energy for the patient. The nurse practitioner knows that which of the following
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
processes allows glucose to enter body cells - ✔✔Facilitated diffusion || || || || || || || || ||
, 2
A researcher is involved in the production of insulin through recombinant DNA technology.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Which of the following statements could the researcher best provide as a rationale for her work? -
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔The gene fragment responsible for insulin production can be isolated and reproduced.
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
A student nurse practitioner asks her preceptor about the origins of different tissues, and their
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
cellular origins during the process of development. Which of the following statements by the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
preceptor best describes the process of cell differentiation? - ✔✔"A fertilized ovum undergoes a
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
series of divisions, yielding many different cell types."
|| || || || || || ||
A 77-year-old male patient with a diagnosis of stomach cancer has been found to have metastases
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
in his liver. The patient and his family are surprised at this turn of events, stating that they don't
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
see how he could have developed cancer in his liver. Which of the following facts would underlie
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the reply that the care team provides? - ✔✔The portal circulatory system brings venous blood
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
from the gastrointestinal tract into the liver.
|| || || || || ||
The nurse practitioner is seeing a client who has an acute exacerbation of Crohn's disease. The NP
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
recognizes the fact that the disease involves the inflammation and irritation of the intestinal
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
lining. Which of the following types of tissue is most likely involved in the patient's pathology? -
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔✔Simple columnar epithelium || ||
An infant who is four days postpartum has been diagnosed with a single-gene disorder. The
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
parents of the child have a number of questions about the etiology of the health problem, which
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the physician is attempting to address in detail. Which of the following teaching points most
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
accurately captures an aspect of single-gene congenital disorders? - ✔✔A particular defect can be
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
caused by mutations at one of several different loci.
|| || || || || || || || ||
Following a biopsy, a 54-year-old man has been diagnosed as having a benign neoplastic tumor.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Which of the following characteristics most likely applies to his tumor? - ✔✔The well-
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
differentiated neoplastic cells are clustered together in a single mass. || || || || || || || || ||
As part of an orientation to a genetic counseling practice, a group of medical students is
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
differentiating between autosomal recessive disorders and autosomal dominant disorders. Which || || || || || || || || || ||
