2
NU551 Unit 1 Exam with precise detailed || || || || || || ||
answers
Prokaryotes
no organelles (such as a nucleus) or histones (proteins that bind with DNA)
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
the nuclei of these cells carry genetic info in single circular chromosome
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
-lack a nuclear membrane
|| || ||
Examples of prokaryotes || ||
cyanobacteria (blue green algea) || || ||
bacteria
rickettsia (gram neg bacteria found in tics, mites, fleas, and mammals)
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Eukaryotes
(GOOD NUCLEUS) ||
-complex cellular organization || ||
-membrane-bound organelles ||
-nucleus with several chromosomes || || ||
Examples of eukaryotes || ||
higher animals (ex: humans)
|| || ||
plants
fungi
protozoa
algae
Differences in biochemical activity for prokaryotes and eukaryotes || || || || || || ||
protein synthesis ||
transport across the cellular membrane || || || ||
enzyme content ||
8 cellular functions that are specialized through differentiation (maturation)
|| || || || || || || ||
movement
conductivity
metabolic absorption ||
secretion
excretion
, 2
respiration
reproduction
communication
What is the purpose of cell specialization
|| || || || || ||
so they can perform their own function different from another cell's function
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
Cellular function: movement || ||
muscle cells generate forces that produce motion|| || || || || ||
(colon muscles and limb muscles) || || || ||
cellular function: conductivity || ||
conduction is a response to a stimulus that results in a wave of excitation (an electrical potential
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
that passes along the surface of the cell to reach other parts)
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
example: nerve cells || ||
cellular function: metabolic absorption || || ||
all cells- take in and utilize nutrients and substances from their surroundings
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
cellular function: secretion || ||
absorb substances -> synthesize new substances -> secrete new substances to use in the body
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
example: mucous gland cells || || ||
cellular function: excretion || ||
lysosomes (membrane sacs) contain enzymes that break down/digest molecules/nutrients ->
|| || || || || || || || || ||
results in waste products -> excretion from the cell
|| || || || || || || ||
example: ALL CELLS || ||
cellular function: respiration (also called oxidation)
|| || || || ||
cells absorb oxygen -> nutrients are transformed into energy (ATP)
|| || || || || || || || ||
this process is located in the mitochondria
|| || || || || ||
cellular function: reproduction || ||
tissue growth occurs as cells enlarge and reproduce
|| || || || || || ||
even without growth, tissue maintenance requires new cells
|| || || || || || ||
cellular function: communication || ||
vital for survival of cells
|| || || ||
Nucleus
NU551 Unit 1 Exam with precise detailed || || || || || || ||
answers
Prokaryotes
no organelles (such as a nucleus) or histones (proteins that bind with DNA)
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
the nuclei of these cells carry genetic info in single circular chromosome
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
-lack a nuclear membrane
|| || ||
Examples of prokaryotes || ||
cyanobacteria (blue green algea) || || ||
bacteria
rickettsia (gram neg bacteria found in tics, mites, fleas, and mammals)
|| || || || || || || || || ||
Eukaryotes
(GOOD NUCLEUS) ||
-complex cellular organization || ||
-membrane-bound organelles ||
-nucleus with several chromosomes || || ||
Examples of eukaryotes || ||
higher animals (ex: humans)
|| || ||
plants
fungi
protozoa
algae
Differences in biochemical activity for prokaryotes and eukaryotes || || || || || || ||
protein synthesis ||
transport across the cellular membrane || || || ||
enzyme content ||
8 cellular functions that are specialized through differentiation (maturation)
|| || || || || || || ||
movement
conductivity
metabolic absorption ||
secretion
excretion
, 2
respiration
reproduction
communication
What is the purpose of cell specialization
|| || || || || ||
so they can perform their own function different from another cell's function
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
Cellular function: movement || ||
muscle cells generate forces that produce motion|| || || || || ||
(colon muscles and limb muscles) || || || ||
cellular function: conductivity || ||
conduction is a response to a stimulus that results in a wave of excitation (an electrical potential
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
that passes along the surface of the cell to reach other parts)
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
example: nerve cells || ||
cellular function: metabolic absorption || || ||
all cells- take in and utilize nutrients and substances from their surroundings
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
cellular function: secretion || ||
absorb substances -> synthesize new substances -> secrete new substances to use in the body
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
example: mucous gland cells || || ||
cellular function: excretion || ||
lysosomes (membrane sacs) contain enzymes that break down/digest molecules/nutrients ->
|| || || || || || || || || ||
results in waste products -> excretion from the cell
|| || || || || || || ||
example: ALL CELLS || ||
cellular function: respiration (also called oxidation)
|| || || || ||
cells absorb oxygen -> nutrients are transformed into energy (ATP)
|| || || || || || || || ||
this process is located in the mitochondria
|| || || || || ||
cellular function: reproduction || ||
tissue growth occurs as cells enlarge and reproduce
|| || || || || || ||
even without growth, tissue maintenance requires new cells
|| || || || || || ||
cellular function: communication || ||
vital for survival of cells
|| || || ||
Nucleus
