Praxis 5089 Middle School Social Studies
Exam Study Guide
Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka - ANSWER a 1954 case in which the
Supreme Court ruled that "separate but equal" education for black and white
students was unconstitutional
Miranda v. Arizona - ANSWER 1966 Supreme Court decision that sets guidelines
for police questioning of accused persons to protect them against self-
incrimination and to protect their right to counsel.
Jakota Triangle - ANSWER a zone of prosperity during the 1980's & early 1990's:
Japan, South Korea, & Taiwan
McCulloch v. Maryland court case - ANSWER Maryland's state powers did not
include the right to collect taxes from institutions created by the federal
government.
Determinants of labor demand - ANSWER Product demand, productivity, prices
of other resources, and complementary resources
Plessy v. Ferguson - ANSWER a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized
state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were
equal
Causes of inflation - ANSWER quantity theory, demand-pull theory, cost-push
theory
Manifest Destiny - ANSWER the 19th-century doctrine or belief that the
expansion of the US throughout the American continents was both justified and
inevitable.
quantity theory - ANSWER theory that too much money in the economy causes
inflation
New Deal - ANSWER the historic period (1933-1940) in the U.S. during which
President Franklin Roosevelt's economic policies were implemented
Stagflation - ANSWER a period of slow economic growth and high
unemployment (stagnation) while prices rise (inflation)
,Aztecs - ANSWER (1200-1521) settled in the valley of Mexico. Grew corn.
Engaged in frequent warfare to conquer others of the region. Worshiped many
gods (polytheistic). Believed the sun god needed human blood to continue his
journeys across the sky. Practiced human sacrifices and those sacrificed were
captured warriors from other tribes and those who volunteered for the honor.
demand-pull theory - ANSWER theory that inflation occurs when demand for
goods and services exceeds existing supplies
Olmecs - ANSWER (1400 B.C.E. to 500 B.C.E.) earliest known Mexican
civilization, lived in rainforests along the Gulf of Mexico, developed calendar and
constructed public buildings and temples, Use of the calendar spread through
trade, known for art, most important legacy was priestly leadership and
devotion
cost-push theory - ANSWER theory that inflation occurs when producers raise
prices in order to meet increased costs
4 Purposes of the United Nations - ANSWER 1. To keep peace throughout the
world
2. To develop friendly relations among nations
3. To help nations work together to improve the lives of poor people, to conquer
hunger, disease and illiteracy, and to encourage respect for each other's rights
and freedoms
4. To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations to achieve these goals
Bay of Pigs Invasion - ANSWER failed invasion of Cuba in 1961 when a force of
1,200 Cuban exiles, backed by the United States, landed at the Bay of Pigs.
Mayans - ANSWER 1500 B.C. to 900 A.D. This is the most advanced civilization of
the time in the Western Hempishere. Famous for its awe-inspiring temples,
pyramids and cities. A complex social and political order.
Executive Order 9066 - ANSWER FDR's order to place all Japanese Americans in
Internment Camps
Oligarchy - ANSWER A government ruled by a few powerful people
Incas - ANSWER Ancient civilization (1200-1500AD) that was located in the
Andes in Peru
Chinese dynasties in order - ANSWER Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, Song,
Yuan, Ming, Qing
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) - ANSWER A measurement of the total goods and
services produced within a country.
, Japanese feudal system - ANSWER emperor, shogun, daimyo, samurai,
peasants
Arab Spring - ANSWER A series of popular revolts in several countries in the
Middle East and North Africa that sought an end to authoritarian, often Western-
supported regimes.
Gulf War 1991 - ANSWER Saddam Hussein's invasion of Kuwait despite peace
treaty and refusal to abandon Iraqi occupation
United Nations - ANSWER An international organization formed after WWII to
promote international peace, security, and cooperation.
Monarchy - ANSWER A government ruled by a king or queen
5 Pillars of Islam - ANSWER 1. belief in one God, Allah, and Muhammad his
prophet
2. daily prayer 5 times a day
3. alms (offering) for the poor
4. fasting (sunrise to sunset) during Ramadan
5. hajj- pilgrimage to Mecca
MAIN causes of WWI - ANSWER Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism
7 Biomes of the World - ANSWER Tropical rainforests, temperate forests,
deserts, tundra, taiga, grasslands, & savanna.
Industrial Revolution - ANSWER A period of rapid growth in the use of machines
in manufacturing and production that began in the mid-1700s
Cold War (1945-1991) - ANSWER A war of words and threats between the United
States and the Soviet Union that was marked primarily by a political and
economic, rather than military, struggle between the two nations.
Zheng He - ANSWER An imperial eunuch and Muslim, entrusted by the Ming
emperor Yongle with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships
through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa.
Marco Polo - ANSWER (1254-1324) Italian explorer and author. He made
numerous trips to China and returned to Europe to write of his journeys. He is
responsible for much of the knowledge exchanged between Europe and China
during this time period.
Exam Study Guide
Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka - ANSWER a 1954 case in which the
Supreme Court ruled that "separate but equal" education for black and white
students was unconstitutional
Miranda v. Arizona - ANSWER 1966 Supreme Court decision that sets guidelines
for police questioning of accused persons to protect them against self-
incrimination and to protect their right to counsel.
Jakota Triangle - ANSWER a zone of prosperity during the 1980's & early 1990's:
Japan, South Korea, & Taiwan
McCulloch v. Maryland court case - ANSWER Maryland's state powers did not
include the right to collect taxes from institutions created by the federal
government.
Determinants of labor demand - ANSWER Product demand, productivity, prices
of other resources, and complementary resources
Plessy v. Ferguson - ANSWER a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized
state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were
equal
Causes of inflation - ANSWER quantity theory, demand-pull theory, cost-push
theory
Manifest Destiny - ANSWER the 19th-century doctrine or belief that the
expansion of the US throughout the American continents was both justified and
inevitable.
quantity theory - ANSWER theory that too much money in the economy causes
inflation
New Deal - ANSWER the historic period (1933-1940) in the U.S. during which
President Franklin Roosevelt's economic policies were implemented
Stagflation - ANSWER a period of slow economic growth and high
unemployment (stagnation) while prices rise (inflation)
,Aztecs - ANSWER (1200-1521) settled in the valley of Mexico. Grew corn.
Engaged in frequent warfare to conquer others of the region. Worshiped many
gods (polytheistic). Believed the sun god needed human blood to continue his
journeys across the sky. Practiced human sacrifices and those sacrificed were
captured warriors from other tribes and those who volunteered for the honor.
demand-pull theory - ANSWER theory that inflation occurs when demand for
goods and services exceeds existing supplies
Olmecs - ANSWER (1400 B.C.E. to 500 B.C.E.) earliest known Mexican
civilization, lived in rainforests along the Gulf of Mexico, developed calendar and
constructed public buildings and temples, Use of the calendar spread through
trade, known for art, most important legacy was priestly leadership and
devotion
cost-push theory - ANSWER theory that inflation occurs when producers raise
prices in order to meet increased costs
4 Purposes of the United Nations - ANSWER 1. To keep peace throughout the
world
2. To develop friendly relations among nations
3. To help nations work together to improve the lives of poor people, to conquer
hunger, disease and illiteracy, and to encourage respect for each other's rights
and freedoms
4. To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations to achieve these goals
Bay of Pigs Invasion - ANSWER failed invasion of Cuba in 1961 when a force of
1,200 Cuban exiles, backed by the United States, landed at the Bay of Pigs.
Mayans - ANSWER 1500 B.C. to 900 A.D. This is the most advanced civilization of
the time in the Western Hempishere. Famous for its awe-inspiring temples,
pyramids and cities. A complex social and political order.
Executive Order 9066 - ANSWER FDR's order to place all Japanese Americans in
Internment Camps
Oligarchy - ANSWER A government ruled by a few powerful people
Incas - ANSWER Ancient civilization (1200-1500AD) that was located in the
Andes in Peru
Chinese dynasties in order - ANSWER Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, Song,
Yuan, Ming, Qing
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) - ANSWER A measurement of the total goods and
services produced within a country.
, Japanese feudal system - ANSWER emperor, shogun, daimyo, samurai,
peasants
Arab Spring - ANSWER A series of popular revolts in several countries in the
Middle East and North Africa that sought an end to authoritarian, often Western-
supported regimes.
Gulf War 1991 - ANSWER Saddam Hussein's invasion of Kuwait despite peace
treaty and refusal to abandon Iraqi occupation
United Nations - ANSWER An international organization formed after WWII to
promote international peace, security, and cooperation.
Monarchy - ANSWER A government ruled by a king or queen
5 Pillars of Islam - ANSWER 1. belief in one God, Allah, and Muhammad his
prophet
2. daily prayer 5 times a day
3. alms (offering) for the poor
4. fasting (sunrise to sunset) during Ramadan
5. hajj- pilgrimage to Mecca
MAIN causes of WWI - ANSWER Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism
7 Biomes of the World - ANSWER Tropical rainforests, temperate forests,
deserts, tundra, taiga, grasslands, & savanna.
Industrial Revolution - ANSWER A period of rapid growth in the use of machines
in manufacturing and production that began in the mid-1700s
Cold War (1945-1991) - ANSWER A war of words and threats between the United
States and the Soviet Union that was marked primarily by a political and
economic, rather than military, struggle between the two nations.
Zheng He - ANSWER An imperial eunuch and Muslim, entrusted by the Ming
emperor Yongle with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships
through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa.
Marco Polo - ANSWER (1254-1324) Italian explorer and author. He made
numerous trips to China and returned to Europe to write of his journeys. He is
responsible for much of the knowledge exchanged between Europe and China
during this time period.
