I
lOMoAR cPSD| I I
19500986
I
ATI Pharmacology Proctored Exam Study Guide –
I I I I I I I
Latest Update with Correct Questions, Answers, and
I I II I I I I
Rationales | Guaranteed Pass Preparation for Nursing Studen
I I I I I I I
ts I
ChapterI1:IPharmacokineticsIandIRoutesIofIAdministrationI
• AbsorptionI
RouteIofIadminIaffectsItheIrateIandIamountIofIabsorptionI oI
Oral:II
GIIpHIandIemptyingItimeI
PresenceIofIfoodIinItheIstomachIorIintestinesI
FormIofImedsI(liquid/XR)IoISublingual/buccalI
QuickIabsorptionIsystemicallyIthroughIhighlyIvascularImucousIme
mbranesI
o InhalationIviaImouth/noseI
▪ RapidIabsorptionIthroughIalveolarIcapillaryInetworksI
oIIntradermal,ItopicalI
▪ Slow,IgradualIabsorptionIoISQ/IMI
▪ HighlyIsolubleImedsIhaveIrapidIabsorptionI(10-
30min),IpoorlyIsolubleIhaveIslowerIabsorptionI
▪ BloodIperfusionIatIsiteIofIinjectionIaffectIabsorptionIoII
VI
▪ ImmediateIandIcompleteI
• DistributionIoITransportationIofImedsItoIsitesIofIactionIbyIbodyIfluidsI
oIPlasmaIbindingIprotein:ImedsIcompeteIforIproteinIbindingIsitesIwith
inIbloodstream,IprimarilyIalbumin.ITheIabilityIofImedItoIbindItoIprotei
nIcanIaffectIhowImuchImedIwillIleaveIandItravelItoItargetItissues.I
• MetabolismI
o PrimarilyIoccursIinItheIliverIbutIcanItakeIplaceIinItheIkidneyIoIF
actorsIthatIinfluenceImetabolism:I
▪ AgeI(infants/olderIadultsIrequireIsmallerIdoses)I
▪ FirstIpassIeffect:IliverIinactivatesIsomeImedsIonIfirstIpa
ssIthroughIandIthusIrequireIsublingualIorIIVIrouteI(mayI
needIhigherIdose)I
• Excretion:IoIEliminatedIthroughItheIkidneys.I
o KidneyIdysfunctionIcanIresultIinIelevatedIlevelsIofImedications
.I
I I
,I
I I
lOMoAR cPSD| 19500986
• MedIResponseIoIMaintainIplasmaIlevelsIbetweenIminimumIeffectiveI
concentrationIandItheItoxicIconcentration:I
• TherapeuticIindexI(TI)
IoIHighITIIhasIaIwideIsafetyImargin.IoILowITIIrequiresImonitoringIofIser
umIlevels.IoIToughIlevels:IobtainIimmediatelyIbeforeInextIdose.I
I DownloadedIbyIJohnIKabiruI()I
,I
lOMoAR cPSD| I I
19500986
• Half-
life:IoITimeIitItakesIaImedicationIlevelItoIdropIinItheIbodyIbyI50%.IoISh
ortIvsIlongIhalf-life:IlongIhalf-
lifeIhasIgreaterIriskIforImedIaccumulationIinIbody.I
• Agonist:IenhanceI
• Antagonist:IblocksI
• RoutesIofIadmin:IoIOral/Enteral:I
▪ 90IdegreesIuprightI
▪ doInotImixIwithIlargeIamountsIofIfoodI
▪ leanIchinIinItoIhelpIfacilitateIswallowingI oI
Sublingual/buccalI
▪ KeepImedIinIplaceIuntilIcompletelyIdissolvedI oI
TransdermalI
▪ WashIskinIwithIsoapIandIwaterIthenIdryIitIthoroughlyIbefo
reIplacingIpatch.IPlaceIpatchIonIhairlessIareaIandIrotateIsitesItoIpreventIir
ritation.IoIDrops:I
▪ PlaceIdropIinIcenterIofIsac.I
▪ AvoidIplacingIdirectlyIonIcornea.I
▪ IfIblinkIrepeatIprocess.I
▪ ApplyIgentleIpressureIwithIfingerIandIaIcleanIfacialItissueI
onItheInasolacrimalIductIforI30-
60IsecondsItoIpreventIsystemicIabsorption.IIIoIEars:I
▪ HaveIclientIlayIonIunaffectedIside.I
▪ UpIandIoutIforIadultsI
▪ DownIandIbackIforIchildrenI oIInhalation:I
▪ MDII•IShakeIvigorouslyI5-6ItimesI
• TakeIaIdeepIbreathIandIthenIexhaleI
• SlowIdeepIbreathIforI3-5IsecondsIfromIMDII
• HoldIbreathIforI10IsecondsIafterI
▪IDPII•IDOIN
OTISHAKEIDEVICEI
• PlaceImouthpieceIbetweenIlipsIandItakeIaIdeepIbreathI
• HoldIbreathIforI5-10IsecondsI
o NG/GastrostomyItubesI
▪ ToIpreventIcloggingIflushItubeIbeforeIandIafterIeachImedIwithI15-
30mlIofIwarmIsterileIwater. oISuppositories:I
▪ LeftIlateralIsimsIposition.
▪ InsertIbeyondIinternalIsphincter
I I
, I
I I
lOMoAR cPSD| 19500986
▪ RemainIflatIorIleftIlateralIforI5IminIafterIinsertion. oIIntraderm
al:I
▪ UsedIforIallergyItesting
▪ UsedIforItbItesting
▪ SmallIamountIofIsolutionI(noImoreIthanI0.1ml)
▪ 10-15-degreeIangleIbevelIup.I oIZ-track:IforIiron
I
ChapterI2:ISafeIMedIAdminIandIErrorIReductionI
•ITypesIofIPrescriptions:IoIRoutine/standard:IregularlyIschedul
edImedsIoISingle/oneItime:IasapIorIaIspecificItimeIoIStat:Ion
ceIandIimmediatelyIoIPRN:IasIneededI
o Standing:IspecificIcircumstancesIorIspecificIunits:Iex:IheparinIprotocolI
• TakingIaIphoneIprescription:IoIHaveI2ndInurseIonIlineIifIpossibleIoIRead-
backIprescriptionIoIVerifyIandIsignIwithinI24IhoursI
• MedIrec: I oITakeIplaceIatIadmission,ItransferIofIclients,IandIdischarge.I
• RIGHTSIOFISAFEIMEDIADMIN:IoIRightIclientIoIRightImedIoIRightIdoseIoIRightItimeIoIRightIr
outeIoIRightIdocumentationIoIRightIclientIeducationIoIRightItoIrefuseIoIRightIassessmentI
oIRightIevaluationI
• EvaluationIoIReportIallIerrorsIandIimplementIcorrectiveImeasuresIimmediatelyI
▪ICompleteIincidentIreportIwithinItimeIframeItheIfacilityIspecifiesI(usuallyI24Iho
urs)IandIitIshouldIincludeI
• ClientIid,InameIandIdoseIofImed,ItimeIandIplaceIofIincident,IaccurateIandIobjectiveIaccountI
ofIevent,IwhoIyouInotified,IwhatIactionsIyouItook,IyourIsignature.I
▪ DoInotIreferenceIorIincludeIreportIinIclientsImedicalIrecordI
▪ MedIerrorsIrelateItoIsystems,Iprocedures,IproductIdesign,IorIpracticeIpatterns.I
ReportIallIerrorsItoIhelpIavoidIsimilarIerrorsIinIfuture.I
ChapterI3:IDosageICalculationI
1kg=1000mgI
• 1oz=30mLI
• 1L=1000mLIChapterI4:IIVITherapyI
• RapidIandIpreciseI
• CirculatoryIoverloadIisIpossibleIifItooIlargeIorItooIrapidIofIanIinfusion I
• AdminIcanIirritateIvein I
• CanIleadItoIsepsisIifIasepticItechniqueIisIbroken I
• DistalIveinsIonInondominantIhandIfirst I
• WriteIdate/time,IdocumentIsize/site/appearance I
• FlushIeveryI8-12IhoursIwhenInotIinIuse I
• AvoidItourniquetsIinIolderIadultsI
I DownloadedIbyIJohnIKabiruI()I
lOMoAR cPSD| I I
19500986
I
ATI Pharmacology Proctored Exam Study Guide –
I I I I I I I
Latest Update with Correct Questions, Answers, and
I I II I I I I
Rationales | Guaranteed Pass Preparation for Nursing Studen
I I I I I I I
ts I
ChapterI1:IPharmacokineticsIandIRoutesIofIAdministrationI
• AbsorptionI
RouteIofIadminIaffectsItheIrateIandIamountIofIabsorptionI oI
Oral:II
GIIpHIandIemptyingItimeI
PresenceIofIfoodIinItheIstomachIorIintestinesI
FormIofImedsI(liquid/XR)IoISublingual/buccalI
QuickIabsorptionIsystemicallyIthroughIhighlyIvascularImucousIme
mbranesI
o InhalationIviaImouth/noseI
▪ RapidIabsorptionIthroughIalveolarIcapillaryInetworksI
oIIntradermal,ItopicalI
▪ Slow,IgradualIabsorptionIoISQ/IMI
▪ HighlyIsolubleImedsIhaveIrapidIabsorptionI(10-
30min),IpoorlyIsolubleIhaveIslowerIabsorptionI
▪ BloodIperfusionIatIsiteIofIinjectionIaffectIabsorptionIoII
VI
▪ ImmediateIandIcompleteI
• DistributionIoITransportationIofImedsItoIsitesIofIactionIbyIbodyIfluidsI
oIPlasmaIbindingIprotein:ImedsIcompeteIforIproteinIbindingIsitesIwith
inIbloodstream,IprimarilyIalbumin.ITheIabilityIofImedItoIbindItoIprotei
nIcanIaffectIhowImuchImedIwillIleaveIandItravelItoItargetItissues.I
• MetabolismI
o PrimarilyIoccursIinItheIliverIbutIcanItakeIplaceIinItheIkidneyIoIF
actorsIthatIinfluenceImetabolism:I
▪ AgeI(infants/olderIadultsIrequireIsmallerIdoses)I
▪ FirstIpassIeffect:IliverIinactivatesIsomeImedsIonIfirstIpa
ssIthroughIandIthusIrequireIsublingualIorIIVIrouteI(mayI
needIhigherIdose)I
• Excretion:IoIEliminatedIthroughItheIkidneys.I
o KidneyIdysfunctionIcanIresultIinIelevatedIlevelsIofImedications
.I
I I
,I
I I
lOMoAR cPSD| 19500986
• MedIResponseIoIMaintainIplasmaIlevelsIbetweenIminimumIeffectiveI
concentrationIandItheItoxicIconcentration:I
• TherapeuticIindexI(TI)
IoIHighITIIhasIaIwideIsafetyImargin.IoILowITIIrequiresImonitoringIofIser
umIlevels.IoIToughIlevels:IobtainIimmediatelyIbeforeInextIdose.I
I DownloadedIbyIJohnIKabiruI()I
,I
lOMoAR cPSD| I I
19500986
• Half-
life:IoITimeIitItakesIaImedicationIlevelItoIdropIinItheIbodyIbyI50%.IoISh
ortIvsIlongIhalf-life:IlongIhalf-
lifeIhasIgreaterIriskIforImedIaccumulationIinIbody.I
• Agonist:IenhanceI
• Antagonist:IblocksI
• RoutesIofIadmin:IoIOral/Enteral:I
▪ 90IdegreesIuprightI
▪ doInotImixIwithIlargeIamountsIofIfoodI
▪ leanIchinIinItoIhelpIfacilitateIswallowingI oI
Sublingual/buccalI
▪ KeepImedIinIplaceIuntilIcompletelyIdissolvedI oI
TransdermalI
▪ WashIskinIwithIsoapIandIwaterIthenIdryIitIthoroughlyIbefo
reIplacingIpatch.IPlaceIpatchIonIhairlessIareaIandIrotateIsitesItoIpreventIir
ritation.IoIDrops:I
▪ PlaceIdropIinIcenterIofIsac.I
▪ AvoidIplacingIdirectlyIonIcornea.I
▪ IfIblinkIrepeatIprocess.I
▪ ApplyIgentleIpressureIwithIfingerIandIaIcleanIfacialItissueI
onItheInasolacrimalIductIforI30-
60IsecondsItoIpreventIsystemicIabsorption.IIIoIEars:I
▪ HaveIclientIlayIonIunaffectedIside.I
▪ UpIandIoutIforIadultsI
▪ DownIandIbackIforIchildrenI oIInhalation:I
▪ MDII•IShakeIvigorouslyI5-6ItimesI
• TakeIaIdeepIbreathIandIthenIexhaleI
• SlowIdeepIbreathIforI3-5IsecondsIfromIMDII
• HoldIbreathIforI10IsecondsIafterI
▪IDPII•IDOIN
OTISHAKEIDEVICEI
• PlaceImouthpieceIbetweenIlipsIandItakeIaIdeepIbreathI
• HoldIbreathIforI5-10IsecondsI
o NG/GastrostomyItubesI
▪ ToIpreventIcloggingIflushItubeIbeforeIandIafterIeachImedIwithI15-
30mlIofIwarmIsterileIwater. oISuppositories:I
▪ LeftIlateralIsimsIposition.
▪ InsertIbeyondIinternalIsphincter
I I
, I
I I
lOMoAR cPSD| 19500986
▪ RemainIflatIorIleftIlateralIforI5IminIafterIinsertion. oIIntraderm
al:I
▪ UsedIforIallergyItesting
▪ UsedIforItbItesting
▪ SmallIamountIofIsolutionI(noImoreIthanI0.1ml)
▪ 10-15-degreeIangleIbevelIup.I oIZ-track:IforIiron
I
ChapterI2:ISafeIMedIAdminIandIErrorIReductionI
•ITypesIofIPrescriptions:IoIRoutine/standard:IregularlyIschedul
edImedsIoISingle/oneItime:IasapIorIaIspecificItimeIoIStat:Ion
ceIandIimmediatelyIoIPRN:IasIneededI
o Standing:IspecificIcircumstancesIorIspecificIunits:Iex:IheparinIprotocolI
• TakingIaIphoneIprescription:IoIHaveI2ndInurseIonIlineIifIpossibleIoIRead-
backIprescriptionIoIVerifyIandIsignIwithinI24IhoursI
• MedIrec: I oITakeIplaceIatIadmission,ItransferIofIclients,IandIdischarge.I
• RIGHTSIOFISAFEIMEDIADMIN:IoIRightIclientIoIRightImedIoIRightIdoseIoIRightItimeIoIRightIr
outeIoIRightIdocumentationIoIRightIclientIeducationIoIRightItoIrefuseIoIRightIassessmentI
oIRightIevaluationI
• EvaluationIoIReportIallIerrorsIandIimplementIcorrectiveImeasuresIimmediatelyI
▪ICompleteIincidentIreportIwithinItimeIframeItheIfacilityIspecifiesI(usuallyI24Iho
urs)IandIitIshouldIincludeI
• ClientIid,InameIandIdoseIofImed,ItimeIandIplaceIofIincident,IaccurateIandIobjectiveIaccountI
ofIevent,IwhoIyouInotified,IwhatIactionsIyouItook,IyourIsignature.I
▪ DoInotIreferenceIorIincludeIreportIinIclientsImedicalIrecordI
▪ MedIerrorsIrelateItoIsystems,Iprocedures,IproductIdesign,IorIpracticeIpatterns.I
ReportIallIerrorsItoIhelpIavoidIsimilarIerrorsIinIfuture.I
ChapterI3:IDosageICalculationI
1kg=1000mgI
• 1oz=30mLI
• 1L=1000mLIChapterI4:IIVITherapyI
• RapidIandIpreciseI
• CirculatoryIoverloadIisIpossibleIifItooIlargeIorItooIrapidIofIanIinfusion I
• AdminIcanIirritateIvein I
• CanIleadItoIsepsisIifIasepticItechniqueIisIbroken I
• DistalIveinsIonInondominantIhandIfirst I
• WriteIdate/time,IdocumentIsize/site/appearance I
• FlushIeveryI8-12IhoursIwhenInotIinIuse I
• AvoidItourniquetsIinIolderIadultsI
I DownloadedIbyIJohnIKabiruI()I
