Test Bank For
Fundamentals of Research in Criminology and Criminal Justice Sixth Edition Ronet D. Bachman
Russell K. Schutt
Chapters 1-12
Chapter 1
1. Kara interviews five drug users and discovers that four regularly carry weapons. Based on this
information, she argues that drug users are more likely to carry weapons than others. This is an
example of:
a. Careful observation
b. Systematic reasoning
*c. Overgeneralization
d. Selective reasoning
e. Inadequate generalization
2. A school board member feels that delinquent youths lack access to services that might help
them, so he conducts a study to identify what is available and what areas need more attention.
This study is mostly driven by:
*a. Policy motivations
b. Personal motivations
c. Academic motivations
d. Both A and B
e. Both B and C
3. Examining the effect of a drug court program on offenders' drug use is an example of:
a. Descriptive research
b. Exploratory research
c. Academic research
d. Explanatory research
*e. Evaluation research
4. A researcher wants to observe the social structure of a youth gang. When collecting data, she is
most likely to use what type of method?
a. Quantitative
*b. Qualitative
c. Experimental
d. Explanatory
e. Evaluation
,5. A criminal justice student and volunteer for Big Brothers/Big Sisters is about to conduct a
study of at-risk youth. She is most likely working from:
a. Policy motivations
b. Personal motivations
c. Academic motivations
d. Both A and B
*e. Both B and C
6. Evaluation research usually emerges from:
*a. Policy motivations
b. Personal motivations
c. Academic motivations
d. Both A and B
e. Both B and C
7. Which of the following is not true?
a. Quantitative data is usually numerical
b. Qualitative data usually focuses on words instead of numbers
*c. Quantitative and qualitative methods are mutually exclusive
d. Quantitative methods are often used for explanation, description, or evaluation
e. Qualitative methods are often used to develop a better understanding of a situation
8. What type of research is concerned with the meaning participants attribute to their actions?
a. Descriptive
*b. Exploratory
c. Explanatory
d. Evaluation
e. Policy
9. Examining media to determine attitudes towards school safety policies is an example of:
a. Participant observation
b. Intensive interviewing
*c. Content analysis
d. Crime mapping
e. Selective observation
10. Exploratory research is generally concerned with:
*a. Uncovering detailed information about a given phenomenon
b. Documenting the existence of causal relationships
c. Exploring the effect of social programs
, d. Questions derived from personal motivations
e. Questions derived from academic motivations
11. Studying the relationship between teenage abuse of animals and later perpetration of domestic
violence is an example of:
a. Descriptive research
*b. Explanatory research
c. Exploratory research
d. Evaluation research
e. Academic research
12. Research shows that most criminals are poor. Many people think, therefore, that most poor
people are criminals. This is an example of:
a. Overgeneralization
b. Systematic reasoning
c. Selective observation
d. Resistance to change
*e. Illogical reasoning
13. Not questioning your professors about the accuracy of their statements could be an example
of:
a. Illogical reasoning
*b. Resistance to change
c. Overgeneralization
d. Selective observation
e. Inaccurate observation
14. Which of the following best describes an example of descriptive research about youth gang
members?
a. A study aimed at determining how relationships develop between gang members
b. A study focusing on the meanings that gang members assign to their group
*c. A study examining who gang members are and what their activities are
d. A study describing the effect of the drug trade on the formation of gangs
e. A study focused on the effects of social networks and gang membership
15. An individual is told that an auto-manufacturing company has changed its business plan to
make quality vehicles, but he refuses to believe this because he has had poor experiences with
this company's vehicles in the past. This is an example of:
a. Illogical reasoning
b. Overgeneralization
*c. Resistance to change
, d. Selective observation
16. Which of the following is not an example of qualitative research methods?
a. Interviews
b. Participant observation
c. Focus groups
*d. Statistical analysis
17. A researcher uses three different research methods to study a research question. This is an
example of:
*a. Triangulation
b. Phenomenology
c. Sociology
d. Qualitative research
18. In order to study the effect of television on an audience, a student watches old TV shows and
compares them to new ones. This is an example of:
a. Historical events research
*b. Content analysis
c. Codified research
d. Triangulation
19. A student hands out questionnaires to other students in order to learn about student views on a
new university policy. This is an example of what kind of research?
a. Experiment
b. Quasi-experiment
*c. Survey
d. Participant observation
20. Which of the following is an example of quantitative research methods?
a. Intensive interviewing
b. Participant observation
c. Complete observation
*d. None of the above
21. Which of the following is not a standard motivation for criminological research?
a. Academic
b. Personal
c. Policy
Fundamentals of Research in Criminology and Criminal Justice Sixth Edition Ronet D. Bachman
Russell K. Schutt
Chapters 1-12
Chapter 1
1. Kara interviews five drug users and discovers that four regularly carry weapons. Based on this
information, she argues that drug users are more likely to carry weapons than others. This is an
example of:
a. Careful observation
b. Systematic reasoning
*c. Overgeneralization
d. Selective reasoning
e. Inadequate generalization
2. A school board member feels that delinquent youths lack access to services that might help
them, so he conducts a study to identify what is available and what areas need more attention.
This study is mostly driven by:
*a. Policy motivations
b. Personal motivations
c. Academic motivations
d. Both A and B
e. Both B and C
3. Examining the effect of a drug court program on offenders' drug use is an example of:
a. Descriptive research
b. Exploratory research
c. Academic research
d. Explanatory research
*e. Evaluation research
4. A researcher wants to observe the social structure of a youth gang. When collecting data, she is
most likely to use what type of method?
a. Quantitative
*b. Qualitative
c. Experimental
d. Explanatory
e. Evaluation
,5. A criminal justice student and volunteer for Big Brothers/Big Sisters is about to conduct a
study of at-risk youth. She is most likely working from:
a. Policy motivations
b. Personal motivations
c. Academic motivations
d. Both A and B
*e. Both B and C
6. Evaluation research usually emerges from:
*a. Policy motivations
b. Personal motivations
c. Academic motivations
d. Both A and B
e. Both B and C
7. Which of the following is not true?
a. Quantitative data is usually numerical
b. Qualitative data usually focuses on words instead of numbers
*c. Quantitative and qualitative methods are mutually exclusive
d. Quantitative methods are often used for explanation, description, or evaluation
e. Qualitative methods are often used to develop a better understanding of a situation
8. What type of research is concerned with the meaning participants attribute to their actions?
a. Descriptive
*b. Exploratory
c. Explanatory
d. Evaluation
e. Policy
9. Examining media to determine attitudes towards school safety policies is an example of:
a. Participant observation
b. Intensive interviewing
*c. Content analysis
d. Crime mapping
e. Selective observation
10. Exploratory research is generally concerned with:
*a. Uncovering detailed information about a given phenomenon
b. Documenting the existence of causal relationships
c. Exploring the effect of social programs
, d. Questions derived from personal motivations
e. Questions derived from academic motivations
11. Studying the relationship between teenage abuse of animals and later perpetration of domestic
violence is an example of:
a. Descriptive research
*b. Explanatory research
c. Exploratory research
d. Evaluation research
e. Academic research
12. Research shows that most criminals are poor. Many people think, therefore, that most poor
people are criminals. This is an example of:
a. Overgeneralization
b. Systematic reasoning
c. Selective observation
d. Resistance to change
*e. Illogical reasoning
13. Not questioning your professors about the accuracy of their statements could be an example
of:
a. Illogical reasoning
*b. Resistance to change
c. Overgeneralization
d. Selective observation
e. Inaccurate observation
14. Which of the following best describes an example of descriptive research about youth gang
members?
a. A study aimed at determining how relationships develop between gang members
b. A study focusing on the meanings that gang members assign to their group
*c. A study examining who gang members are and what their activities are
d. A study describing the effect of the drug trade on the formation of gangs
e. A study focused on the effects of social networks and gang membership
15. An individual is told that an auto-manufacturing company has changed its business plan to
make quality vehicles, but he refuses to believe this because he has had poor experiences with
this company's vehicles in the past. This is an example of:
a. Illogical reasoning
b. Overgeneralization
*c. Resistance to change
, d. Selective observation
16. Which of the following is not an example of qualitative research methods?
a. Interviews
b. Participant observation
c. Focus groups
*d. Statistical analysis
17. A researcher uses three different research methods to study a research question. This is an
example of:
*a. Triangulation
b. Phenomenology
c. Sociology
d. Qualitative research
18. In order to study the effect of television on an audience, a student watches old TV shows and
compares them to new ones. This is an example of:
a. Historical events research
*b. Content analysis
c. Codified research
d. Triangulation
19. A student hands out questionnaires to other students in order to learn about student views on a
new university policy. This is an example of what kind of research?
a. Experiment
b. Quasi-experiment
*c. Survey
d. Participant observation
20. Which of the following is an example of quantitative research methods?
a. Intensive interviewing
b. Participant observation
c. Complete observation
*d. None of the above
21. Which of the following is not a standard motivation for criminological research?
a. Academic
b. Personal
c. Policy
