1- Testis A) Stroma
Layers from
Type of Tissue
Outside to Inside
Tunica Vaginalis It is formed of mesothelial cells.
Tunica Albuginea Dense irregular collagenous C.T.
• It is formed of loose vascular C.T.
Tunica Vasculosa
• It lines tunica albuginea & speta
from inside.
• Dense irregular collagenous C.T.
Septa of the • Divide the testis into about 250
Testis intercommunicating compartments.
(Testicular lobules = lobuli testis).
Loose vascular C.T. in between the
seminiferous tubules.
Interstitial Tissue
Contents:
1- Loose vascular C.T.
2- Interstitial cells of Leydig.
B) Parenchyma
Exocrine part Endocrine part
Seminiferous Tubules Interstitial Cells of Leydig
Each tubule is lined with a stratified • Are rounded or polygonal cells with
epithelium called seminiferous epithelium central rounded nucleus.
which is formed of 2 types of cells: • Acidophilic & vacuolated cytoplasm.
1- Spermatogenic cells.
2- Sertoli cells. Function → Secrete testosterone.
Each tubule is surrounded by a
basement membrane.
Sertoli Cells Spermatogenic Cells
• Are columnar or pyramidal cells. A series of cells lining the seminiferous
• Basal, vesicular and irregular nucleus tubules extending from the BM to the lumen.
with prominent nucleolus.
Function: Include:
Support & nutrition of spermatogenic 1. Spermatogonia.
cells. 2. 1ry spermatocytes.
Phagocytosis of cytoplasmic remnants 3. 2ry spermatocytes.
of spermatogenesis. 4. Spermatids.
Secretion: 5. Spermatozoa.
Testicular fluid.
Androgen Binding Protein (ABP).
Inhibin hormone.
Formation of blood-testis barrier.
Blood-Testis Barrier
It is formed by the tight junctions between the basal parts of the lateral borders of
adjacent Sertoli cells.
It divides the seminiferous tubule into 2 compartments:
1- Basal compartment: 2- Adluminal compartment:
contains spermatogonia. contains the other spermatogenic cells.
Function:
• It protects the developing spermatogenic cells from drugs and toxic materials.
• It prevents autoimmune infertility.
, 2- Epididymis
(Ductus Epididymis)
Structure:
(1) Epithelium:
Pseudo stratified columnar
epithelium with stereocilia (immotile
cilia).
(2) Basal lamina.
(3) Loose C.T.
(4) Layer of circularly-arranged smooth
muscle cells.
Functions:
a. Storage & maturation of
spermatozoa.
b. Propelling spermatozoa to the vas
deferens.
3- Vas Deferens 4- Seminal Vesicles
Vas (Ductus) Deferens: Seminal Vesicles
Layers
It is a muscular narrow tube with irregular lumen.
1- Pseudo stratified columnar epithelium with It’s highly folded:
Mucosa stereocilia (immotile cilia). 1- Pseudo stratified columnar epithelium.
2- Corium of loose C.T. 2- Lamina propria of C.T.
Thick and formed of 3 layers: 1- Inner circular muscle layer.
1- Inner longitudinal muscle layer. 2- Outer longitudinal muscle layer.
Musculosa
2- Middle circular muscle layer.
3- Outer longitudinal muscle layer.
Adventitia Loose C.T. C.T.
Propelling of spermatozoa Secretion of most of seminal fluid, rich in
Function by strong peristalsis. fructose & vit. C. which are the main
nutrients for spermatozoa.
L\M
,5- Prostate
Stroma Parenchyma
30-50 glands in 3 concentric groups around the prostatic urethra:
1. Mucosal group: small.
2. Submucosal group: medium-sized.
3. Main group: Large, 70% of all glands.
fibromuscular
capsule &
trabeculae.
Acini and ducts are lined with simple columner or
psoudo stratified columner epithelium according to activity of the glands.
Prostatic concretions (corpora amylacea):
a. Round or oval masses of glycoprotein in the lumen of some glands.
b. Increase with advancement of age & become calcified.
---
Function:
--- Participates in the secretion of the seminal fluid.
Its secretion is rich in acid phosphatase & proteolytic enzymes.
, Summary
stroma Parenchyma
Tunica __ It is formed of
Exocrine part Endocrine part
vaginalis mesothelial cells.
Dense Seminiferous Tubules Interstitial Cells of Leydig
Tunica irregular
__
albuginea collagenous • Lined with • Rounded or polygonal
C.T. seminiferous cells.
Lining tunica epithelium . • Central rounded
Tunica loose
albuginea & speta • formed of 2 types of nucleus.
vasculosa vascular C.T.
from inside. cells: • Acidophilic & vacuolated
Dense Divide the testis 1- Spermatogenic cells. Cytoplasm.
Septa of the irregular 2- Sertoli cells.
Testis collagenous (testicular lobules = lobuli Function → Secrete
testis) testosterone
C.T.
Interstitial Contents:
Tissue 1- Loose vascular C.T.
Loose
in between the 2-Interstitial cells of
vascular C.T.
seminiferous Leydig.
tubules.
Sertoli Cell Blood-Testis Barrier Spermatogenic Cells
• Formed by the tight junctions between Cells lining the seminiferous
the basal parts of adjacent Sertoli cells. tubules.
• Columnar or pyramidal cells. • It divides the seminiferous tubule into: Include:
• Basal, vesicular and irregular 1- Basal compartment: contains • Spermatogonia.
nucleus. spermatogonia. • 1ry spermatocytes.
• Prominent nucleolus. 2- Adluminal compartment: • 2ry spermatocytes.
contains the other spermatogenic cells. • Spermatids.
• Spermatozoa.
Functions →
Support & Nutrition of
spermatogenic cells.
Phagocytosis remnants of
Function →
spermatogenesis.
Protect the spermatogenic cells from
Secretion: __
drugs and toxic materials.
• Testicular fluid.
Prevent autoimmune infertility.
• (ABP).
• Inhibin hormone.
Formation of blood-testis
barrier.
, Summary (Cont.)
Epididymis Ductus deferens Seminal vesicles Prostate
(ductus epididymis) (vas deferens)
Mucosa: Mucosa: Stroma
Pseudo stratified • pseudo stratified
columnar epithelium columnar
with stereocilia epithelium. Fibro muscular capsule &
(immotile cilia). • Lamina propria of trabeculae.
Loose C.T. C.T.
Parenchyma
30-50 glands in 3 concentric
• Pseudo stratified groups around the prostatic
columnar urethra :
epithelium with
stereocilia. 1. Mucosal group.
• 2. Submucosal group.
Structure
Basal lamina.
• Loose C.T. 3. Main group: 70% of all
• Layer of Musculosa: glands.
Musculosa:
• Inner circular. Acini and ducts are lined
circulatory- • Inner longitudinal.
• Outer longitudinal. with simple columner or
arranged smooth • Middle circular.
muscle cells. • Outer longitudinal. psoudo stratified columner
epithelium.
Corpora amylacea:
1. Glycoprotein masses in
the lumen of some
glands.
2. Increase with
advancement of age &
become calcified.
Adventitia: loose C.T. Adventitia : C.T. __
Storage & Participates in the
Secretion of most of
maturation of secretion of the
Functions
seminal fluid, rich in
spermatozoa. Propelling of seminal fluid.
fructose & vit. C.
Propelling spermatozoa Its secretion is rich in
Which are the main
spermatozoa to the by strong peristalsis acid phosphatase &
nutrients for
vas deferens. proteolytic enzymes.
spermatozoa.
, Objectives
At the end of this lecture, you should describe the microscopic structure
and the function of:
Understand and identify the stages of ovarian follicular growth as well as
the changes that occur in the follicular wall during pregnancy.
Identify the regional variations in the structure of the oviduct (Fallopian
tube).
Describe the structure and the changes that occur in the ovary, and uterus
during the menstrual cycle.
Describe the histological structure of vagina and placenta.
Describe the changes that occur in the mammary glands before and after
pregnancy.
Mind Map
Female reproductive
system
ovarian Corpus Fallopian Tubes Mamary
follicles Luteum (Oviducts) uterus placenta vagina gland
Primordial Primary Mammary
Funds body Fetal part Maternal part Non-lactating
gland during
Follicles Follicles mammary gland
pregnancy
Unilaminar Multilaminar
primary follicles primary follicles cervix
(Pre-antral
follicles)
Mature
Secondary
(Graafian)
Follicles
Follicle
Layers from
Type of Tissue
Outside to Inside
Tunica Vaginalis It is formed of mesothelial cells.
Tunica Albuginea Dense irregular collagenous C.T.
• It is formed of loose vascular C.T.
Tunica Vasculosa
• It lines tunica albuginea & speta
from inside.
• Dense irregular collagenous C.T.
Septa of the • Divide the testis into about 250
Testis intercommunicating compartments.
(Testicular lobules = lobuli testis).
Loose vascular C.T. in between the
seminiferous tubules.
Interstitial Tissue
Contents:
1- Loose vascular C.T.
2- Interstitial cells of Leydig.
B) Parenchyma
Exocrine part Endocrine part
Seminiferous Tubules Interstitial Cells of Leydig
Each tubule is lined with a stratified • Are rounded or polygonal cells with
epithelium called seminiferous epithelium central rounded nucleus.
which is formed of 2 types of cells: • Acidophilic & vacuolated cytoplasm.
1- Spermatogenic cells.
2- Sertoli cells. Function → Secrete testosterone.
Each tubule is surrounded by a
basement membrane.
Sertoli Cells Spermatogenic Cells
• Are columnar or pyramidal cells. A series of cells lining the seminiferous
• Basal, vesicular and irregular nucleus tubules extending from the BM to the lumen.
with prominent nucleolus.
Function: Include:
Support & nutrition of spermatogenic 1. Spermatogonia.
cells. 2. 1ry spermatocytes.
Phagocytosis of cytoplasmic remnants 3. 2ry spermatocytes.
of spermatogenesis. 4. Spermatids.
Secretion: 5. Spermatozoa.
Testicular fluid.
Androgen Binding Protein (ABP).
Inhibin hormone.
Formation of blood-testis barrier.
Blood-Testis Barrier
It is formed by the tight junctions between the basal parts of the lateral borders of
adjacent Sertoli cells.
It divides the seminiferous tubule into 2 compartments:
1- Basal compartment: 2- Adluminal compartment:
contains spermatogonia. contains the other spermatogenic cells.
Function:
• It protects the developing spermatogenic cells from drugs and toxic materials.
• It prevents autoimmune infertility.
, 2- Epididymis
(Ductus Epididymis)
Structure:
(1) Epithelium:
Pseudo stratified columnar
epithelium with stereocilia (immotile
cilia).
(2) Basal lamina.
(3) Loose C.T.
(4) Layer of circularly-arranged smooth
muscle cells.
Functions:
a. Storage & maturation of
spermatozoa.
b. Propelling spermatozoa to the vas
deferens.
3- Vas Deferens 4- Seminal Vesicles
Vas (Ductus) Deferens: Seminal Vesicles
Layers
It is a muscular narrow tube with irregular lumen.
1- Pseudo stratified columnar epithelium with It’s highly folded:
Mucosa stereocilia (immotile cilia). 1- Pseudo stratified columnar epithelium.
2- Corium of loose C.T. 2- Lamina propria of C.T.
Thick and formed of 3 layers: 1- Inner circular muscle layer.
1- Inner longitudinal muscle layer. 2- Outer longitudinal muscle layer.
Musculosa
2- Middle circular muscle layer.
3- Outer longitudinal muscle layer.
Adventitia Loose C.T. C.T.
Propelling of spermatozoa Secretion of most of seminal fluid, rich in
Function by strong peristalsis. fructose & vit. C. which are the main
nutrients for spermatozoa.
L\M
,5- Prostate
Stroma Parenchyma
30-50 glands in 3 concentric groups around the prostatic urethra:
1. Mucosal group: small.
2. Submucosal group: medium-sized.
3. Main group: Large, 70% of all glands.
fibromuscular
capsule &
trabeculae.
Acini and ducts are lined with simple columner or
psoudo stratified columner epithelium according to activity of the glands.
Prostatic concretions (corpora amylacea):
a. Round or oval masses of glycoprotein in the lumen of some glands.
b. Increase with advancement of age & become calcified.
---
Function:
--- Participates in the secretion of the seminal fluid.
Its secretion is rich in acid phosphatase & proteolytic enzymes.
, Summary
stroma Parenchyma
Tunica __ It is formed of
Exocrine part Endocrine part
vaginalis mesothelial cells.
Dense Seminiferous Tubules Interstitial Cells of Leydig
Tunica irregular
__
albuginea collagenous • Lined with • Rounded or polygonal
C.T. seminiferous cells.
Lining tunica epithelium . • Central rounded
Tunica loose
albuginea & speta • formed of 2 types of nucleus.
vasculosa vascular C.T.
from inside. cells: • Acidophilic & vacuolated
Dense Divide the testis 1- Spermatogenic cells. Cytoplasm.
Septa of the irregular 2- Sertoli cells.
Testis collagenous (testicular lobules = lobuli Function → Secrete
testis) testosterone
C.T.
Interstitial Contents:
Tissue 1- Loose vascular C.T.
Loose
in between the 2-Interstitial cells of
vascular C.T.
seminiferous Leydig.
tubules.
Sertoli Cell Blood-Testis Barrier Spermatogenic Cells
• Formed by the tight junctions between Cells lining the seminiferous
the basal parts of adjacent Sertoli cells. tubules.
• Columnar or pyramidal cells. • It divides the seminiferous tubule into: Include:
• Basal, vesicular and irregular 1- Basal compartment: contains • Spermatogonia.
nucleus. spermatogonia. • 1ry spermatocytes.
• Prominent nucleolus. 2- Adluminal compartment: • 2ry spermatocytes.
contains the other spermatogenic cells. • Spermatids.
• Spermatozoa.
Functions →
Support & Nutrition of
spermatogenic cells.
Phagocytosis remnants of
Function →
spermatogenesis.
Protect the spermatogenic cells from
Secretion: __
drugs and toxic materials.
• Testicular fluid.
Prevent autoimmune infertility.
• (ABP).
• Inhibin hormone.
Formation of blood-testis
barrier.
, Summary (Cont.)
Epididymis Ductus deferens Seminal vesicles Prostate
(ductus epididymis) (vas deferens)
Mucosa: Mucosa: Stroma
Pseudo stratified • pseudo stratified
columnar epithelium columnar
with stereocilia epithelium. Fibro muscular capsule &
(immotile cilia). • Lamina propria of trabeculae.
Loose C.T. C.T.
Parenchyma
30-50 glands in 3 concentric
• Pseudo stratified groups around the prostatic
columnar urethra :
epithelium with
stereocilia. 1. Mucosal group.
• 2. Submucosal group.
Structure
Basal lamina.
• Loose C.T. 3. Main group: 70% of all
• Layer of Musculosa: glands.
Musculosa:
• Inner circular. Acini and ducts are lined
circulatory- • Inner longitudinal.
• Outer longitudinal. with simple columner or
arranged smooth • Middle circular.
muscle cells. • Outer longitudinal. psoudo stratified columner
epithelium.
Corpora amylacea:
1. Glycoprotein masses in
the lumen of some
glands.
2. Increase with
advancement of age &
become calcified.
Adventitia: loose C.T. Adventitia : C.T. __
Storage & Participates in the
Secretion of most of
maturation of secretion of the
Functions
seminal fluid, rich in
spermatozoa. Propelling of seminal fluid.
fructose & vit. C.
Propelling spermatozoa Its secretion is rich in
Which are the main
spermatozoa to the by strong peristalsis acid phosphatase &
nutrients for
vas deferens. proteolytic enzymes.
spermatozoa.
, Objectives
At the end of this lecture, you should describe the microscopic structure
and the function of:
Understand and identify the stages of ovarian follicular growth as well as
the changes that occur in the follicular wall during pregnancy.
Identify the regional variations in the structure of the oviduct (Fallopian
tube).
Describe the structure and the changes that occur in the ovary, and uterus
during the menstrual cycle.
Describe the histological structure of vagina and placenta.
Describe the changes that occur in the mammary glands before and after
pregnancy.
Mind Map
Female reproductive
system
ovarian Corpus Fallopian Tubes Mamary
follicles Luteum (Oviducts) uterus placenta vagina gland
Primordial Primary Mammary
Funds body Fetal part Maternal part Non-lactating
gland during
Follicles Follicles mammary gland
pregnancy
Unilaminar Multilaminar
primary follicles primary follicles cervix
(Pre-antral
follicles)
Mature
Secondary
(Graafian)
Follicles
Follicle
