Overview of Respiratory Disorders Questions
and answers
Ventilation - ✅✅process of inspiration and expiration of air through the pulmonary airways
Perfusion - ✅✅movement of blood through the pulmonary circulation
Diffusion - ✅✅movement of gas from an area of high concentration to low concentration; oxygen
diffuses out of alveoli into the blood; CO2 diffuses out of blood into the alveoli
Type I cells - ✅✅gas exchange
Type II cells - ✅✅surfactant
Right lung - ✅✅contains 3 lobes: upper lobe, middle lobe, lower lobe
Left lung - ✅✅contains 2 lobes: upper lobe, lower lobe
Cilia - ✅✅line the trachea and bronchi
Accessory muscles for respiratory - ✅✅include scalene, trapezius, pectoralis major,
sternocleidomastoid, internal intercostals, abdominal muscles
Bronchial artery system - ✅✅supplies oxygenated blood to the lungs and pleura
Pulmonary artery system - ✅✅gas exchange; pulmonary artery trunk leaves right ventricle with
unoxygenated blood; pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood back to heart
Normal VA/Q ratio - ✅✅0.8 (4/5)*
, V/Q ratio - ✅✅ventilation (VA) 4L: min alveolar air flow; perfusion (Q) 5L: min capillary blood flow
HIGH V/Q ratio - ✅✅ventilated but not perfused; example: PULMONARY EMBOLUS
LOW V/Q ratio - ✅✅perfused but not ventilated
V/Q shunt - ✅✅no ventilation; no responsive to O2 due to alveolar collapse; example: ASTHMA,
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE, PNEUMONIA, CHOKING
Oxyhemoglobin curve - ✅✅describes the relationship between PaO2 and SaO2
Shift to the right of the oxyhemoglobin curve - ✅✅causes decreased oxygen saturation and
availability
Factors affecting ventilation - ✅✅include exercise, pH, pCO2, blood pressure, temperature changes,
low humidity
Factors affecting perfusion - ✅✅include gravity, fluid volume within lungs, fluid shifts, interstitial
edema, alveolar edema
PaO2 - ✅✅Partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood.
SaO2 - ✅✅Oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in arterial blood.
Hyperventilation - ✅✅Increase in the amount of air entering the lungs.
Hypoventilation - ✅✅Insufficient airway delivery to alveoli resulting in hypocapnia (PaCO2 < 35).
and answers
Ventilation - ✅✅process of inspiration and expiration of air through the pulmonary airways
Perfusion - ✅✅movement of blood through the pulmonary circulation
Diffusion - ✅✅movement of gas from an area of high concentration to low concentration; oxygen
diffuses out of alveoli into the blood; CO2 diffuses out of blood into the alveoli
Type I cells - ✅✅gas exchange
Type II cells - ✅✅surfactant
Right lung - ✅✅contains 3 lobes: upper lobe, middle lobe, lower lobe
Left lung - ✅✅contains 2 lobes: upper lobe, lower lobe
Cilia - ✅✅line the trachea and bronchi
Accessory muscles for respiratory - ✅✅include scalene, trapezius, pectoralis major,
sternocleidomastoid, internal intercostals, abdominal muscles
Bronchial artery system - ✅✅supplies oxygenated blood to the lungs and pleura
Pulmonary artery system - ✅✅gas exchange; pulmonary artery trunk leaves right ventricle with
unoxygenated blood; pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood back to heart
Normal VA/Q ratio - ✅✅0.8 (4/5)*
, V/Q ratio - ✅✅ventilation (VA) 4L: min alveolar air flow; perfusion (Q) 5L: min capillary blood flow
HIGH V/Q ratio - ✅✅ventilated but not perfused; example: PULMONARY EMBOLUS
LOW V/Q ratio - ✅✅perfused but not ventilated
V/Q shunt - ✅✅no ventilation; no responsive to O2 due to alveolar collapse; example: ASTHMA,
ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE, PNEUMONIA, CHOKING
Oxyhemoglobin curve - ✅✅describes the relationship between PaO2 and SaO2
Shift to the right of the oxyhemoglobin curve - ✅✅causes decreased oxygen saturation and
availability
Factors affecting ventilation - ✅✅include exercise, pH, pCO2, blood pressure, temperature changes,
low humidity
Factors affecting perfusion - ✅✅include gravity, fluid volume within lungs, fluid shifts, interstitial
edema, alveolar edema
PaO2 - ✅✅Partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood.
SaO2 - ✅✅Oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in arterial blood.
Hyperventilation - ✅✅Increase in the amount of air entering the lungs.
Hypoventilation - ✅✅Insufficient airway delivery to alveoli resulting in hypocapnia (PaCO2 < 35).
