NUR 115 FINAL EXAM: NEURO, ELECTROLYTES,
VENTILATION, AND ACID BASE LIBERTY UNIVERSITY
What factors determine the water weight? - Answers - Infants have greater water weight
Women have lower water weight
Obese people have lower water weight
After age 60 water content drops to about 45%
Skin is _______ so it snaps right back - Answers - Elastic
Why would skin elasticity to go down? - Answers - Decrease in interstitial fluid
What is ECF? - Answers - Extracellular fluid
Fluid outside of the cell
Either interstitial (in between tissues) or intravascular (within the vessel)
What is ICF? - Answers - Intracellular fluid
Fluid within or inside the cell
What is the average water weight for young males?
What is the average water weight for young females? - Answers - For males it is 60%
For females it is 50%
What electrolytes are considered cations?
What type of charge does a cation have? - Answers - Sodium, potassium, calcium, and
magnesium are cations
Cations have positive charges
What electrolytes are considered anions?
What type of charge does a anion have? - Answers - Chloride, bicarbonate, and
phosphate are anions
Anions have a negative charge
What electrolytes are ICF? ECF? - Answers - IntraCF electrolytes - (2+/1-) - generally
smaller numbers -
• Potassium - K+ permeates cell membranes
• Phosphate - P- (aka phosphate)
• Magnesium - Mg+
ExtraCF electrolytes - (2+/2-) (generally larger numbers
• Sodium - Na+
• Chloride - Cl-
• Calcium - Ca+
• Bicarbonate - HCO3
,Osmolality measures ______
Osmolarity measures _______ - Answers - Kilograms
Liters
What are the normal levels of sodium in the blood? - Answers - 135 - 145 mEq/L
What is the main ECF cation? - Answers - Na+
What does sodium do for you? - Answers - Controls body water distribution and governs
osmolarity (solute to water ratio)
Controls water distribution by osmosis
Facilitates transmission of nerve and muscle impulses through NA-K pump
Regulates the acid base balance.
How much sodium do you need to consume each day? - Answers - 2 grams (2000 mg)
What electrolyte is the main ICF cation? - Answers - Potassium
What are the normal potassium levels? - Answers - 3.5-5 mEq/L
What does potassium do for you? - Answers - Regulates cell excitability
Permeates cell membranes, affecting the cell;s electrical status
Helps control ICF osmolality
How do you get potassium and how much do you need daily? - Answers - You need 40
mEq daily And you get it in bananas, oranges, strawberries, and potato skins
What are the steps that occur when you have a water gain? - Answers - Decreased Na+
(water gain)
↓
Serum osmolality falls
↓
Thirst diminishes, decrease in water intake
↓
ADH is suppressed
↓
Renal excretion increases
What are the steps that occur when you have a water loss? - Answers - Increased Na+
concentration (water loss)
↓
Rise in serum osmolality
↓
Thirst increases, drink more water
↓
ADH release increases
, ↓
Renal excretion decreases
Is more water weight in ICF or ECF? - Answers - 2/3 of water weight is ICF
What are the normal levels of calcium? - Answers - 8.5-10.5 mg/dl
Where do you find calcium in the body? - Answers - 99% is in the teeth and bones
The other 1% is in both the ECF and ICF and in cell membranes
What is the function of calcium in the body? - Answers - Helps muscles contract
- Increases skeletal muscle contraction
- Increases cardiac muscle contraction
- Regulates nerve impulse transmissions
Aids in coagulation
- Assists in blood clotting
Provides bone strength and density
What does calcium do for cells when it is in their membranes? - Answers - Helps them
keep their cell shape
What affects the balance of calcium in the blood? - Answers - Vitamin D and parathyroid
hormone
Dietary intake
- milk and dairy products - 800 - 1000 mg/day
_________ inversely follows calcium - Answers - Phosphorus
Magnesium is the _______ most plentiful cation in ICF - Answers - Second
What are the normal levels of magnesium? - Answers - 1.8-3.0 mg/dl
What does magnesium do for you? - Answers - Enhances protein and DNA synthesis
Facilitates transportation of Na and K across cell membranes
Influences intracellular Ca through effect on PTH - low mg impairs action of PTH
What are the normal levels of Chloride? - Answers - 98-106 mEq/L
What is chloride known as? - Answers - The tag along electrolyte
What does chloride do for you? - Answers - Assists in the conduction of nerve and
muscle transmissions
Binds with hydrogen in the stomach to make hydrochloric acid
Maintains fluid in blood vessels
What are the normal levels of Phosphorus? - Answers - 2.5-4.5 mg/dl
VENTILATION, AND ACID BASE LIBERTY UNIVERSITY
What factors determine the water weight? - Answers - Infants have greater water weight
Women have lower water weight
Obese people have lower water weight
After age 60 water content drops to about 45%
Skin is _______ so it snaps right back - Answers - Elastic
Why would skin elasticity to go down? - Answers - Decrease in interstitial fluid
What is ECF? - Answers - Extracellular fluid
Fluid outside of the cell
Either interstitial (in between tissues) or intravascular (within the vessel)
What is ICF? - Answers - Intracellular fluid
Fluid within or inside the cell
What is the average water weight for young males?
What is the average water weight for young females? - Answers - For males it is 60%
For females it is 50%
What electrolytes are considered cations?
What type of charge does a cation have? - Answers - Sodium, potassium, calcium, and
magnesium are cations
Cations have positive charges
What electrolytes are considered anions?
What type of charge does a anion have? - Answers - Chloride, bicarbonate, and
phosphate are anions
Anions have a negative charge
What electrolytes are ICF? ECF? - Answers - IntraCF electrolytes - (2+/1-) - generally
smaller numbers -
• Potassium - K+ permeates cell membranes
• Phosphate - P- (aka phosphate)
• Magnesium - Mg+
ExtraCF electrolytes - (2+/2-) (generally larger numbers
• Sodium - Na+
• Chloride - Cl-
• Calcium - Ca+
• Bicarbonate - HCO3
,Osmolality measures ______
Osmolarity measures _______ - Answers - Kilograms
Liters
What are the normal levels of sodium in the blood? - Answers - 135 - 145 mEq/L
What is the main ECF cation? - Answers - Na+
What does sodium do for you? - Answers - Controls body water distribution and governs
osmolarity (solute to water ratio)
Controls water distribution by osmosis
Facilitates transmission of nerve and muscle impulses through NA-K pump
Regulates the acid base balance.
How much sodium do you need to consume each day? - Answers - 2 grams (2000 mg)
What electrolyte is the main ICF cation? - Answers - Potassium
What are the normal potassium levels? - Answers - 3.5-5 mEq/L
What does potassium do for you? - Answers - Regulates cell excitability
Permeates cell membranes, affecting the cell;s electrical status
Helps control ICF osmolality
How do you get potassium and how much do you need daily? - Answers - You need 40
mEq daily And you get it in bananas, oranges, strawberries, and potato skins
What are the steps that occur when you have a water gain? - Answers - Decreased Na+
(water gain)
↓
Serum osmolality falls
↓
Thirst diminishes, decrease in water intake
↓
ADH is suppressed
↓
Renal excretion increases
What are the steps that occur when you have a water loss? - Answers - Increased Na+
concentration (water loss)
↓
Rise in serum osmolality
↓
Thirst increases, drink more water
↓
ADH release increases
, ↓
Renal excretion decreases
Is more water weight in ICF or ECF? - Answers - 2/3 of water weight is ICF
What are the normal levels of calcium? - Answers - 8.5-10.5 mg/dl
Where do you find calcium in the body? - Answers - 99% is in the teeth and bones
The other 1% is in both the ECF and ICF and in cell membranes
What is the function of calcium in the body? - Answers - Helps muscles contract
- Increases skeletal muscle contraction
- Increases cardiac muscle contraction
- Regulates nerve impulse transmissions
Aids in coagulation
- Assists in blood clotting
Provides bone strength and density
What does calcium do for cells when it is in their membranes? - Answers - Helps them
keep their cell shape
What affects the balance of calcium in the blood? - Answers - Vitamin D and parathyroid
hormone
Dietary intake
- milk and dairy products - 800 - 1000 mg/day
_________ inversely follows calcium - Answers - Phosphorus
Magnesium is the _______ most plentiful cation in ICF - Answers - Second
What are the normal levels of magnesium? - Answers - 1.8-3.0 mg/dl
What does magnesium do for you? - Answers - Enhances protein and DNA synthesis
Facilitates transportation of Na and K across cell membranes
Influences intracellular Ca through effect on PTH - low mg impairs action of PTH
What are the normal levels of Chloride? - Answers - 98-106 mEq/L
What is chloride known as? - Answers - The tag along electrolyte
What does chloride do for you? - Answers - Assists in the conduction of nerve and
muscle transmissions
Binds with hydrogen in the stomach to make hydrochloric acid
Maintains fluid in blood vessels
What are the normal levels of Phosphorus? - Answers - 2.5-4.5 mg/dl
