ATPL AGK (Aircraft General Knowledge) - system design, stresses and loads with correct answers 100% 2026

ATPL AGK (Aircraft General Knowledge) - system design, stresses and loads with correct answers 100% 2026 What will manufacturers have to consider when designing an aircraft and what is there to help them? - Correct Answer The various loads and stresses the aircraft may face when flying. Guidelines, computer-aided design (CAD) programmes and formulae can assist the designer. What is the safe life of an aircraft design? - Correct Answer The minimum life where the aircraft design will not experience significant damage How may safe life for an aircraft design be recorded? - Correct Answer -flying hours -cycles of landing gear -aircraft pressurisations -use of a calendar What are fail-safe structures? - Correct Answer Structures included on large modern aircraft, which can provide an alternative load path in case a component fails. The alternative component has the ability to manage the load for a certain amount of time (usually until the next inspection) Where are fail-safe structures usually found? - Correct Answer Wing attachments, vertical stabilisers, horizontal stabilisers. How does a damage-tolerant structure work? - Correct Answer It reduces the weight penalty of a fail-safe system through increasing the surface area the load is spread through. This means that damage can be detected through routine inspections rather than causing a failure. Why are essential systems in aircraft duplicated or triplicated? - Correct Answer To prevent a complete system failure in flight. Redundancy in some form is built into the system so that an alternative component takes over from a failed component automatically. How can redundancy in aircraft systems be achieved? - Correct Answer Through splitting control surfaces into multiple sections that are powered by their own actuators and hydraulics. Computer system redundancy is included in fly-by-wire aircraft What does a type certification for aircraft show? - Correct Answer That the design has passed certification requirements for a responsible aviation regulatory authority e.g. EASA What are the 4 steps of the aircraft certification process? - Correct Answer 1. technical familiarisation - the manufacturer shows the design to the regulatory authority 2. establishment of the certification programme - regulatory authority and manufacturer agree on the terms of meeting compliance 3. compliance demonstration - the manufacturer demonstrates how the design meets the agreed requirements 4. technical closure and issue of approval - when the regulatory authority is satisfied with the product, they will close the investigation and provide a certificate. What are EASA's different certification specifications for aircraft types? - Correct Answer CS-23: issued to normal, utility, aerobatic and commuter aircraft CS-25: issued to larger aircraft types What are the four forces acting on an aircraft in flight? - Correct Answer 1. Drag - a force acting against the direction of aircraft movement, acting on components like landing gear 2. Thrust - produced by the aircraft engine, creating forward loads on the aircraft helping it to accelerate 3. Lift - a force 'lifting' the aircraft upwards, generated when taking off and maintained when airborne, creating wing flex