EVC Challenge Examination 2026/2027 | Competency-Based Assessment | Practice Questions & Accurate Solutions | Pass Guaranteed

EVC Challenge Examination 2026/2027 | Competency-Based Assessment | Practice Questions & Accurate Solutions | Pass Guaranteed Q: Research indicates that atmospheric warming is altering the water cycle. Therefore, ___ places are expected to ___. Answer wet; become wetter Q: The world's available freshwater supply is approximately ___ of the planets total water supply Answer 0.024% Q: Why is freshwater an economic issue? Answer water is vital for producing food and energy and for reducing poverty Q: Areas prone to annual flooding of rivers and streams are expected to have a(an) ___ amounts of reliable surface runoff. Answer lesser Q: What water issue will likely be the source for increasing international conflicts as water becomes scarcer? Answer two or more countries sharing the same basins Q: when the land above an aquifer sinks, or in extreme cases, collapses, recharge of the aquifer may be ___. Answer impossible Q: Estimated extinction rates for freshwater species are higher than rates for marine and terrestrial species because of ________ . Answer damns and excessive surface water withdrawal Q: the process of desalination that involves using high pressure to force saltwater through a membrane filter with pores small enough to block the salt is called ____. Answer reverse osmosis Q: In an effort to sustainably manage the Colorado River, researchers suggest that the best way to address the severe ecological problems associated with the damming of the Colorado River is to ____. Answer sharply increase the historically low price of water Q: ____ is the most efficient irrigation system; however, it is used on less than 4% of the irrigation fields in the worlds and United States due to high cost. Answer Trickle irrigation Q: In all cases in which we use freshwater, we can do so more sustainably by _____. Answer investing in water saving technologies Q: The single largest use of domestic freshwater in the U.S. that accounts for about one-fourth of home water use is through ____. Answer toilet flushing Q: If flooding in already wet areas is made worse by engineering practices such as channelization, then it could be expected to become even more so because of _____. Answer climate change Q: An underreported but significant source of sewage waste in the oceans comes from _____. Answer cruise ships Q: In what two ways can farms reduce nonpoint sources of water pollution? Answer slow-release fertilization and organic farming Q: How does an energy resource with a low or negative net energy yield compete in the marketplace with other energy alternatives that have medium to high net energy yields? Answer resources with lower and negative net energy yields require government subsides and tax breaks Q: How does the amount of land disruption compare between conventional oil drilling and the production of oil from tar sands? Answer lead disruption is low for conventional oil and severe when obtaining heavy oil from oil sands Q: This term refers to the point in time at which the pressure in an oil well drops and its rate of crude oil production begins to decline. Answer global peak production Q: Nuclear power has a low environmental impact and a very low accident risk. Why has its use been limited? Answer The limited use is due to low ned energy yield, high costs, fear of accidents, long lived radioactive wastes, and its role in the spread of nuclear weapons technology Q: According to most scientists and engineers, what is the safest way to store high-level radioactive wastes from nuclear sites? Answer underground burial Q: Approximately 84% of all of this type of energy used in the United States is wasted and about 41% of this energy unavoidably ends up as low-quality waste heat in the environment because of the second law of thermodynamics. Answer commercial energy Q: Which of the following best describes the mechanics behind a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle? Answer powered mostly by a small internal combustion engine with a powerful rechargeable battery Q: What is the best recommendation to save energy and money in existing buildings? Answer insulate the building and plug leaks What is a possible reason for the lack of emphasis in our society on improving energy efficiency? Answer Energy resources such as fossil fuels and nuclear power are artificially cheap largely because of subsidies and tax breaks When it comes to renewable energy, the lesson from one of nature's three scientific principles of sustainability is to ____. Answer rely mostly on solar energy What is a reason for why renewable energy resources only make 5% of energy production in the United States? Answer The government tax breaks, subsidies, and funding for research renewable energy resources have been much lower than those for other fuels Which type of heating system captures solar energy by pumping a heat absorbing fluid, like water, through special roof mounted collectors? active solar heating system The use of _____ will help cool a building during the summer months by pumping cool air from underground. geothermal heat pumps In northern Iowa, an acre of planted in corn can produce about $1,000 worth of ethanol, but the same site used for a(n) _____ can produce $300,000 worth of electricity per year. single wind turbine Many experts generally conclude that a combination of energy efficiency improvements and regulated use of this resource will likely be the best way to make a transition from nonrenewable to using mostly renewable energy resources. natural gas Individuals who smoke one pack of cigarettes per day have a 1 in 250 lifetime probability of developing lung cancer. What kind of analysis is this? risk assessment Which of the following describes the process of asking how a given risk can be reduced and of whether the effort is worthwhile? risk management What kind of hazard is lack of exercise from working at a desk job? lifestyle choice Which of the following would best describe a worm that lives within human hosts and causes disease? parasite Which is the most deadly virus worldwide? pneumonia and flu What is the worldwide leading cause of death for people ages 15-49? AIDS The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has listed arsenic, lead, mercury, vinyl chloride, and polychlorinated biphenyls as the _____. top five toxic substances What do we call the dangerous molecules found in certain pesticides that have similar effects on cells to natural hormones? hormonally active agents What is the specific term for the process by which a chemical such as DDT is found in increasing concentrations and has greater effects higher on the food chain? biological magnification Which of the following is the specific term for long-term consequences such as liver or kidney damage? chronic effects What is the term for the health damage resulting from exposure to a chemical? response What is the term for a report, often by a physician, of the experience of a single individual? case report What is the leading cause of death per year in the world? Poverty/malnutrition/disease cycle In the United States, which of the following is the leading cause of preventable death per year? tobacco use The high death toll ultimately resulting from _____ is caused by malnutrition, increased susceptibility to normally nonfatal infectious diseases, and often-fatal infectious diseases transmitted by unsafe drinking water. poverty The porous layers of sand, gravel, or rock in most aquifers are like large, elongated sponges through which groundwater seeps, which typically moves only a meter or so (about three feet) per year and rarely more than 0.3 meter (one foot) per day. T or F true Eutrophication is a condition of natural nutrient enrichment of a shallow lake, estuary, or slow moving stream. T or F true Drip irrigation systems are highly efficient in getting water to crops, with 90 to 95% of water reaching plant roots rather than being wasted. T or F true What kind of water crisis that occurred in Flint, Michigan in 2015? lead poisoning What is a major disadvantage of desalination? it is relatively expensive What aquatic ecosystem is most capable of diluting, dispersing, and degrading large amounts of sewage, sludge, and oil? deep-water ocean What is the most efficient form of irrigation? drip irrigation Why did Saudi Arabia start importing grain rather than growing wheat in 2016? its major deep aquifer had been depleted by overuse If Ogallala aquafer is depleted, it would take _____ years to replenish. 6000 The river mouth of the Cuyahoga River is at ________. Lake Erie Production and delivery of natural gas may emit more CO2 and CH4 per unit of energy produced than the burning of coal for commercial energy. T or F true Hydropower has a low net energy yield. T of F false The United States has a(n) ____. electrical grid that could be made such more energy efficient What has brought about what some experts are calling a new era of oil and natural gas production in the United States? the increasing use of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing What is the byproduct of combining hydrogen and oxygen to produce energy? water The U.S. oil consumption could be reduced by up to 90% and carbon dioxide emissions reduced by 27% by replacing most of the current national vehicle fleet with ____. plug-in hybrid electric vehicles Ocean thermal-energy conversion was abandoned by the United States because _____. it is very expensive 3 kW-h is _____ MJ. 10.8 Suppose it takes 5 units of high-quality energy to produce 100 units of high-quality electricity from wind. This means that the net energy yield for the entire process is ____units. 95 What is the term for propane and butane gases that can be liquefied under high pressure during the extraction of natural gas? liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) Only water-soluble toxins can accumulate in body tissues and cells. T or F false Epidemiological studies can generally be conducted very quickly, making them useful for testing new chemicals before their release to the market. false To help prevent worsening of risks from infectious diseases, it is important to reduce the use of _____. antibiotics What do we call the probability of suffering harm from a hazard? risk Why has the percentage of deaths due to infectious diseases dropped from 1970 to 2010? a growing number of children were immunized against the major infectious diseases Malaria is caused by____ that is carried by mosquitoes. a parasite Single-celled organisms that are abundant in even extreme environments and that do not require a host cell to reproduce are called ____. bacteria Microcephaly is a birth defect where a baby's head is ____ than expected when compared to babies with the same age and sex. The disease is caused by the ______ virus. smaller, zika Lyme disease is caused by _____ and is carried by ______. bacterium, deer tick Choose the best answer: Methyl mercury adversely affect _____system. all of the above