CALT Exam Questions with complete
solution 2025/2026
coarticulation - correct answer ✔the ability to overlap several phonemes
anaphora - correct answer ✔pronouns or articles used to refer to something already mentioned
appositive - correct answer ✔a noun or noun phrase placed after a noun to describe it more fully
model involves two-way connection between context and meaning, and two way connections between
orthography and phonology - correct answer ✔Rumelhart and Seidenberg's Connectionist Theory
meaning based and code-based strategies are taught together. First order skill are enciphering and
deciphering. Second order skills are comprehension/composition. 1st and 2nd order skills are taught
together - correct answer ✔Farnham-Diggory Model
trade-off of sub processes. Readers with poor word recognition are more reliant on context than good
readers. Skill of reading as a developing process - correct answer ✔Stanovich's Interactive-
Compensatory Model
1. Letters are connected with phonemes.
2. Units of letters are connected with parts of spoken speech.
3. Printed word is connected to its meaning. Cipher Sight Reading (words are recognized quickly through
Cipher strategy) - correct answer ✔Ehri contributions
1. Alphabetic spelling precedes alphabetic reading
2. Dyslexics begin to fall behind in "Alphabetic Phase" - correct answer ✔Firth's contributions
, 1. 1930 (John Dewey) whole word teaching
2. 1960-1970 Language-experience text
3. Chall (1983) direct phonics instruction more successful
4. Adams-importance of connections between meaning "processors" and letter-sound "processors",
effective phonics instruction must be linked with language based reading instruction - correct answer
✔The Great Debate: Phonics vs. Whole Language
1. The Logographic Phase
2. The Phonetic-Cue Phase (Early Alphabetic)
3. The Cipher or Alphabetic Phase (Mature Alphabetic)
4. The Orthographic Phase - correct answer ✔Ehri's Four Phases of Reading Strategy Development
(Phases of Word Learning)
Uta Firth-visual cue phase
Pre-phonics lexicon-example (McD sign)
many argue this stage does not exist - correct answer ✔The Logographic Phase (Ehri)
Linnea Ehri-Rudimentary alphabetic phase
recall similar letters in words
pre-alphabetic principle phase - correct answer ✔The Phonetic-Cue Phase (Early Alphabetic) (Ehri)
Early sight word meaning
Phoneme-Grapheme correspondence
Left to right sounding out letters
Complete phoneme awareness
Alphabetic principle
Accuracy - correct answer ✔The Cipher or Alphabetic Phase (Mature Alphabetic) (Ehri)
solution 2025/2026
coarticulation - correct answer ✔the ability to overlap several phonemes
anaphora - correct answer ✔pronouns or articles used to refer to something already mentioned
appositive - correct answer ✔a noun or noun phrase placed after a noun to describe it more fully
model involves two-way connection between context and meaning, and two way connections between
orthography and phonology - correct answer ✔Rumelhart and Seidenberg's Connectionist Theory
meaning based and code-based strategies are taught together. First order skill are enciphering and
deciphering. Second order skills are comprehension/composition. 1st and 2nd order skills are taught
together - correct answer ✔Farnham-Diggory Model
trade-off of sub processes. Readers with poor word recognition are more reliant on context than good
readers. Skill of reading as a developing process - correct answer ✔Stanovich's Interactive-
Compensatory Model
1. Letters are connected with phonemes.
2. Units of letters are connected with parts of spoken speech.
3. Printed word is connected to its meaning. Cipher Sight Reading (words are recognized quickly through
Cipher strategy) - correct answer ✔Ehri contributions
1. Alphabetic spelling precedes alphabetic reading
2. Dyslexics begin to fall behind in "Alphabetic Phase" - correct answer ✔Firth's contributions
, 1. 1930 (John Dewey) whole word teaching
2. 1960-1970 Language-experience text
3. Chall (1983) direct phonics instruction more successful
4. Adams-importance of connections between meaning "processors" and letter-sound "processors",
effective phonics instruction must be linked with language based reading instruction - correct answer
✔The Great Debate: Phonics vs. Whole Language
1. The Logographic Phase
2. The Phonetic-Cue Phase (Early Alphabetic)
3. The Cipher or Alphabetic Phase (Mature Alphabetic)
4. The Orthographic Phase - correct answer ✔Ehri's Four Phases of Reading Strategy Development
(Phases of Word Learning)
Uta Firth-visual cue phase
Pre-phonics lexicon-example (McD sign)
many argue this stage does not exist - correct answer ✔The Logographic Phase (Ehri)
Linnea Ehri-Rudimentary alphabetic phase
recall similar letters in words
pre-alphabetic principle phase - correct answer ✔The Phonetic-Cue Phase (Early Alphabetic) (Ehri)
Early sight word meaning
Phoneme-Grapheme correspondence
Left to right sounding out letters
Complete phoneme awareness
Alphabetic principle
Accuracy - correct answer ✔The Cipher or Alphabetic Phase (Mature Alphabetic) (Ehri)
