CMN 260 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026

CMN 260 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026 Managed Care - Answers Healthcare system that coordinates the cost/delivery of health related services Health disparities - Answers Socioeconomic factors that influence health in a negative way -- (ex: limited access to education/income -- lack of healthy food, prescription drugs, etc.) Preventive care - Answers Managed before onset of injury/disease Less costly and difficult to achieve than post car The world is intended to head in this direction of healthcare Healthcare navigators - Answers Workers that: - advocate for patients - know organizations well - lead patients to find suitable solutions HMO - Answers Health Maintenance Organization - monthly premium + copay - small set of provider choices - no fee-for-service - salaries covered by pay from patients Medicare covergae - Answers Health insurance for 65+ Can be for under 65 year old w/ certain disabilities Renal kidney disease Medicaid coverage - Answers Limited income people coverage Dual eligibility - Answers Both low income + over 65 and/or Both low income + disabled Medicare - Answers Federal Part A - Answers Hospital visits Part B - Answers Doctor's appointments/outpatient (ex: ER) Part D - Answers Prescription drug coverage Part C - Answers Medicare Advantage - both parts A + B (usually D) but administered by private insurance rather than federal government Medicaid - Answers Federal + State Income level - Answers Up to $15,060 for one person Up to $31,200 for a family of 4 Little - no out of pocket costs Third payer party - Answers You pay an insurance company/government organization to pay your medical bill Beveridge model - Answers Single payer - you pay a tax and all healthcare specialists are government employees Great Britain, Spain, Italy, Scandinavia NHI Model - Answers Single payer - not all doctors are government employees, but they can help you privately and charge you a little more for private delivery Canada, South Korea, Australia Bismark Model - Answers Multi-payer - you have a payroll which goes into health insurance - part of every employee's wage goes to insurance - support is given whenever patient is in need of medical care Germany, France, Japan, Belgium, Switzerland Out-of-Pocket Model - Answers Multi-payer - completely private - you pay a monthly healthcare premium - some services are out-of-pocket payments Cambodia, Egypt, India, U.S. US healthcare models - Answers Under 65: Bismark Indigenous groups: Beveridge Over 65: NHI Uninsured: Out-of-pocket HDHP - Answers High Deductible Health Plan - low monthly premium, high deductible PPO - Answers preferred provider organization - same premium as HMO - contract with individual providers - financial support wherever you go - less pay for preferred providers, out of list are a little more expensive Single-payer - Answers You pay to the government, they fix the rates of all care Affordable Care Act (Obama Care) - Answers Signed in 2010 to a law - expand medicare/medicaid - uninsured people can sign up for insurance through marketplaces/networks - people cannot be denied coverage due to preexisting health conditions - young people (up to 26) can stay on their parents' plans Individual mandate - Answers a government rule that requires everyone to have insurance coverage or they will have to pay a penalty Employer mandate - Answers A legal requirement for employers to help pay for their employees' health insurance Healthcare administration - Answers Non hands-on CEOS/vice presidents - department level managers - Enhanced quality/efficiency of healthcare - Improve widespread health - Manage budget/lower costs Healthcare administration degrees - Answers Graduate degree in... - Health communication - Public health - Health administration - Business administration Healthcare administration skills - Answers Work experience Communication skills Leadership Familiarity with health issues Bureaucracy - Answers Organization of teams that perform specialized functions under the authority of more powerful individuals/their policies Hierarchial (role-based) - Answers Executives Supervisors Frontline (doctors, nurses, etc.) Patients Governed by policy (rule-based) - Answers Encourage/discourage certain behaviors Executives - Answers Design policy Supervisors - Answers Enforce policy Frontline workers - Answers Enact policy Human resource (HR) - Answers - Recruit, hire, train healthcare members - Oversee employee benefits/compensation - Mediate employee concerns HR degrees needed - Answers Bachelor's degree in... - HR - Personnel - Communication - Psychology HR skills - Answers - Interpersonal communication - Decision making - Attention to detail Theory of personal causation - Answers Pawns - follow orders w/o questions, less success Origins - active participation, perform tasks + work much better (people resist pawns, favor origins) Theory X - Answers People are lazy and must be prodded Theory Y - Answers People are effective when they feel appreciated Motivation-Hygiene theory - Answers the idea that satisfaction and dissatisfaction are separate and distinct dimensions Hygiene factors - Answers Extrinsic factors: Material things (underpay, unfair policy, forced to do work) Motivators - Answers Intrinsic factors: Feeling based (respected, learning, accepted) Public relations (PR) - Answers Enhance organization images - Media - Fundraising - Education/promotion - Crisis management Marketing - Answers Promote business/profitability - Market research - Meet stakeholders (people who give the money to establish the facilities/run the business) - Develop new services to meet market needs Commitment-trust theory - Answers People make judgments based on trust People will be interested in relationships when benefits outweigh costs Two-way symmetrical communication - Answers Ongoing conversation between the organization and the public that it serves Ethnocentrism - Answers The belief that one culture is better than another Culturally sensitive communication - Answers Beliefs about health are informed by culture as people are aware of characteristics in the world around them Culture-centered communication - Answers Beliefs about health are informed by culture through collaboration/dialogue in the community Studies how the following to better understand people's decisions: - Access to materials/support - Personal decision making - Evolving beliefs Reflective negotiation model - Answers Self awareness/cultural differences allow for a respectful "space for negotiation" - health professionals do not know cultural values - which cultural aspects take precedence in medical scenarios - people differ even in the same culture Organic model - Answers Health is based on physical indicators (biomedical) -- Based on germ theory (Louis Pasteur) -- Scientific/evidence - based Harmonic balance - Answers Health is overall wellbeing and balance within the body (bipsychosocial + sociocultural) Karma - Answers The effects that good or bad actions have on a person's state of health Yin and yang - Answers Refers to balance Yin (coolness/reflection) Yang (warmth/brightness) Qi - Answers Imbalance of yin/yang leads to disease