LAB SESSION 2: CELL STRUCTURE AND
FUNCTION. EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS. VERIFIED 2026/2027.
All living organisms are composed of - ANS Cells
___ are responsible for all structural and functional properties of a living organism - ANS Cells
Border of the cell, controls passage of material in and out - ANS Phospholipid Bilayer
Facilitate the movement of ions and molecules across the membrane; penetrates the
membrane - ANS Integral Proteins
Loosely attach to cell membrane surfaces, performing crucial roles in cell signaling; adheres to
one face of the membrane - ANS Peripheral Proteins
Extensions of membrane, increase surface area; brush like border - ANS Microvilli
"Antenna" for monitoring nearby conditions; hair like processes - ANS Cilia
Promotes movement, whip like structure - ANS Flagella
Surrounds the cell, defines boundaries; made of proteins and lipids, has a intracellular and
extracellular faces - ANS Plasma Membrane (Cell Membrane)
1 @2026 COPY ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Hydrophilic phosphate heads face water on each side of membrane, hydrophobic tails are
directed toward the center, avoiding water - ANS Phospholipid Bilayer
Fluid outside of cells includes tissue (interstitial) fluid - ANS Extracellular Fluid (ECF)
Control center of the cell - ANS Nucleus
Double membrane around nucleus, regulates molecular traffic - ANS Nuclear Envelope
Surface of nucleus, formed by rings of proteins - ANS Nuclear Pores
Masses where ribosomes are produced - ANS Nucleolus (Nucleoli)
Thread-like, composed of DNA and protein; DNA wraps loosely around proteins -
ANS Chromatin (Chromosomes)
Fluid containing dissolved solutes, inclusions, and organelles - ANS Cytoplasm
Site of ATP synthesis, contains innermembrane folds - ANS Mitochondria
Site of protein synthesis, small granules - ANS Ribosomes
System of channels enclosed by membranes - ANS Endoplasmic Reticulum
Covered with ribosomes, produces phospholipids and proteins - ANS Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum (ER)
2 @2026 COPY ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
FUNCTION. EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS. VERIFIED 2026/2027.
All living organisms are composed of - ANS Cells
___ are responsible for all structural and functional properties of a living organism - ANS Cells
Border of the cell, controls passage of material in and out - ANS Phospholipid Bilayer
Facilitate the movement of ions and molecules across the membrane; penetrates the
membrane - ANS Integral Proteins
Loosely attach to cell membrane surfaces, performing crucial roles in cell signaling; adheres to
one face of the membrane - ANS Peripheral Proteins
Extensions of membrane, increase surface area; brush like border - ANS Microvilli
"Antenna" for monitoring nearby conditions; hair like processes - ANS Cilia
Promotes movement, whip like structure - ANS Flagella
Surrounds the cell, defines boundaries; made of proteins and lipids, has a intracellular and
extracellular faces - ANS Plasma Membrane (Cell Membrane)
1 @2026 COPY ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Hydrophilic phosphate heads face water on each side of membrane, hydrophobic tails are
directed toward the center, avoiding water - ANS Phospholipid Bilayer
Fluid outside of cells includes tissue (interstitial) fluid - ANS Extracellular Fluid (ECF)
Control center of the cell - ANS Nucleus
Double membrane around nucleus, regulates molecular traffic - ANS Nuclear Envelope
Surface of nucleus, formed by rings of proteins - ANS Nuclear Pores
Masses where ribosomes are produced - ANS Nucleolus (Nucleoli)
Thread-like, composed of DNA and protein; DNA wraps loosely around proteins -
ANS Chromatin (Chromosomes)
Fluid containing dissolved solutes, inclusions, and organelles - ANS Cytoplasm
Site of ATP synthesis, contains innermembrane folds - ANS Mitochondria
Site of protein synthesis, small granules - ANS Ribosomes
System of channels enclosed by membranes - ANS Endoplasmic Reticulum
Covered with ribosomes, produces phospholipids and proteins - ANS Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum (ER)
2 @2026 COPY ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
