NUR631 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS. VERIFIED 2026/2027.
"Which two vessels drain blood into the right atrium from the upper and lower body?" -
ANS "Superior vena cava (SVC) and inferior vena cava (IVC)."
"Which heart chamber receives blood from the SVC and IVC?" - ANS "Right atrium."
"Which valve lies between the right atrium and right ventricle?" - ANS "Tricuspid valve."
"Which chamber pumps blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs?" - ANS "Right
ventricle."
"Which valve opens to send blood from the right ventricle into the pulmonary trunk?" -
ANS "Pulmonary (semilunar) valve."
"What is the large vessel leaving the right ventricle before it splits to each lung?" -
ANS "Pulmonary trunk."
"Which vessels carry blood away from the heart to the lungs?" - ANS "Right and left
pulmonary arteries."
"Where does gas exchange occur in the pulmonary circulation?" - ANS "Lungs."
1 @2026 COPY ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,"Which vessels return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?" - ANS "Pulmonary
veins."
"Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins?" - ANS "Left atrium."
"What is another name for the bicuspid valve?" - ANS "Mitral valve."
"Which valve lies between the left atrium and left ventricle?" - ANS "Mitral (bicuspid) valve."
"Which chamber pumps oxygenated blood to the body?" - ANS "Left ventricle."
"Which valve opens to send blood from the left ventricle into the aorta?" - ANS "Aortic
valve."
"What is the first portion of the aorta leaving the heart called?" - ANS "Ascending aorta."
"What is the curved portion of the aorta called?" - ANS "Aortic arch."
"List the blood flow through the heart starting at the vena cavae." - ANS "SVC/IVC → RA →
tricuspid → RV → pulmonary valve → pulmonary trunk → pulmonary arteries → lungs →
pulmonary veins → LA → mitral → LV → aortic valve → aorta."
"During ventricular diastole - ANS are the AV valves open or closed?","Open."
"During ventricular systole - ANS are the AV valves open or closed?","Closed."
"What causes the AV valves to close during ventricular contraction?" - ANS "Rising ventricular
pressure pushes the valves shut to prevent backflow."
2 @2026 COPY ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, "When do semilunar valves (pulmonary and aortic) open?" - ANS "During ventricular systole."
"Which valve prevents backflow into the left ventricle after ejection?" - ANS "Aortic valve."
"Which type of vessel carries blood away from the heart?" - ANS "Arteries."
"In pulmonary circulation - ANS which vessels carry deoxygenated blood?","Pulmonary
arteries."
"In pulmonary circulation - ANS which vessels carry oxygenated blood?","Pulmonary veins."
"Which ECG component represents ventricular depolarization?" - ANS "QRS complex."
"Ventricular depolarization corresponds to what mechanical action?" - ANS "Ventricular
contraction (systole)."
"What is the main function of the pericardium discussed in the lecture?" - ANS "Reduce
friction around the heart."
"What is hydrostatic pressure in capillaries?" - ANS "Pressure that pushes fluid out of
capillaries into tissues."
"What is osmotic (oncotic) pressure in capillaries?" - ANS "Pressure that pulls fluid back into
capillaries."
"Why is blood flow slower in capillaries?" - ANS "Capillaries have the largest total cross-
sectional area, which slows flow."
"Why is slow capillary flow beneficial?" - ANS "Optimizes exchange of gases, nutrients, and
wastes."
3 @2026 COPY ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
ANSWERS. VERIFIED 2026/2027.
"Which two vessels drain blood into the right atrium from the upper and lower body?" -
ANS "Superior vena cava (SVC) and inferior vena cava (IVC)."
"Which heart chamber receives blood from the SVC and IVC?" - ANS "Right atrium."
"Which valve lies between the right atrium and right ventricle?" - ANS "Tricuspid valve."
"Which chamber pumps blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs?" - ANS "Right
ventricle."
"Which valve opens to send blood from the right ventricle into the pulmonary trunk?" -
ANS "Pulmonary (semilunar) valve."
"What is the large vessel leaving the right ventricle before it splits to each lung?" -
ANS "Pulmonary trunk."
"Which vessels carry blood away from the heart to the lungs?" - ANS "Right and left
pulmonary arteries."
"Where does gas exchange occur in the pulmonary circulation?" - ANS "Lungs."
1 @2026 COPY ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
,"Which vessels return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?" - ANS "Pulmonary
veins."
"Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins?" - ANS "Left atrium."
"What is another name for the bicuspid valve?" - ANS "Mitral valve."
"Which valve lies between the left atrium and left ventricle?" - ANS "Mitral (bicuspid) valve."
"Which chamber pumps oxygenated blood to the body?" - ANS "Left ventricle."
"Which valve opens to send blood from the left ventricle into the aorta?" - ANS "Aortic
valve."
"What is the first portion of the aorta leaving the heart called?" - ANS "Ascending aorta."
"What is the curved portion of the aorta called?" - ANS "Aortic arch."
"List the blood flow through the heart starting at the vena cavae." - ANS "SVC/IVC → RA →
tricuspid → RV → pulmonary valve → pulmonary trunk → pulmonary arteries → lungs →
pulmonary veins → LA → mitral → LV → aortic valve → aorta."
"During ventricular diastole - ANS are the AV valves open or closed?","Open."
"During ventricular systole - ANS are the AV valves open or closed?","Closed."
"What causes the AV valves to close during ventricular contraction?" - ANS "Rising ventricular
pressure pushes the valves shut to prevent backflow."
2 @2026 COPY ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, "When do semilunar valves (pulmonary and aortic) open?" - ANS "During ventricular systole."
"Which valve prevents backflow into the left ventricle after ejection?" - ANS "Aortic valve."
"Which type of vessel carries blood away from the heart?" - ANS "Arteries."
"In pulmonary circulation - ANS which vessels carry deoxygenated blood?","Pulmonary
arteries."
"In pulmonary circulation - ANS which vessels carry oxygenated blood?","Pulmonary veins."
"Which ECG component represents ventricular depolarization?" - ANS "QRS complex."
"Ventricular depolarization corresponds to what mechanical action?" - ANS "Ventricular
contraction (systole)."
"What is the main function of the pericardium discussed in the lecture?" - ANS "Reduce
friction around the heart."
"What is hydrostatic pressure in capillaries?" - ANS "Pressure that pushes fluid out of
capillaries into tissues."
"What is osmotic (oncotic) pressure in capillaries?" - ANS "Pressure that pulls fluid back into
capillaries."
"Why is blood flow slower in capillaries?" - ANS "Capillaries have the largest total cross-
sectional area, which slows flow."
"Why is slow capillary flow beneficial?" - ANS "Optimizes exchange of gases, nutrients, and
wastes."
3 @2026 COPY ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
