2026-2027 NSE 212 Midterm Exam Questions With Correct Answers
What is the significance of research and evidence-informed practice in NursingAnswer- Nursing research
is integral to the achievement of providing quality outcomes in partnership w/ patients, their families/
significant others, and communities
- Nursing research gives specialized scientific knowledge and empowers nurses to anticipate/ meet the
constantly changing challenges and maintain the profession societal relevance
Explain the relationship between evidence-based, evidence-informed, research utilization and appraisal
of research to practiceAnswer- Nurses support and engage in research and other activities to promote
safe, competent, compassionate, and ethical care and use guidelines for ethical research that are in
keeping of nursing values.
- Therefore, to use research (EIP), you may not be able to conduct it, but understand the steps of
research and appraise it to read it critically and also use it to inform your clinical decisions
Role of Nurse to research processAnswer• Consumer: A consumer of research actively uses and applies
research, as a knowledgeable consumer, you must have knowledge about the relevant subject matter,
the ability to discriminate and to evaluate the information logically, and the ability to apply the
knowledge gained
• Generator of clinical questions
• Investigator/participant in research
• Protector of research participants
Historical Perspectives Of Nursing ResearchAnswerFlorence Nightingale was the first nurse researcher
• Key events of the 19th century
Nursing becomes a formal discipline.
Florence Nightingale publishes "Notes on Nursing" in 1860
Schools of nursing are beginning to be established
20th Century
Key events from 1900 to 1940
• Emphasis not on research but on preparation of nurses for practice
Key events from 1950 to 1960
,• The American Nurses Association first publishes Nursing Research
• First master's program in nursing in Canada
Key events from 1960 to 1999
• First federally funded grant for nursing research
• 1st Center for Nursing Research McGill
• Doctoral programs Nursing research funding
21st Century History
Key events from 2000 to 2012
• Research Chair Awards are granted to nursing
• PhD programs in nursing are initiated at numerous universities across Canada.
Values, beliefs, and nature of knowledgeAnswerEach Question requires that clinicians and nurse
researchers engage in a knowledge development process that begins with...
o identification of knowledge gaps (the absence of theoretical or scientific knowledge relevant to the
phenomenon of interest
o Knowledge generation (the conduct of research that provides answers to well thought out research
questions)
o knowledge distribution (distributed through journal articles, textbooks, and public presentations to
nurses)
o Knowledge is adopted (as nurse alter their practice on the basis of published information or as health
care orgs develop policies and protocols that are informed by newly generated knowledge
o Knowledge review and revision (as new health issues arise, advances in clinical practice occur, or
knowledge becomes outdated)
Philosophical assumptions underlying the post-positivist paradigm
and characteristics of quantitative researchAnswer- All research is based on philosophical beliefs about
the world; these beliefs are the motivating values, concepts, principles, and the nature of human
knowledge of an individual, group, or culture, and they are the basis of a worldview or paradigm
- Philosophical beliefs of post-positivist paradigmà Ontology, epistemology, researchers values,
methodology, aim of inquiry, context
,What is Nursing Research?AnswerResearch is the systematic, rigorous, logical investigation with the aim
of answering questions about nursing phenomena
What is Nursing Phenomena?AnswerPhenomena can be defined as occurrences, circumstances, or facts
that are perceptible by the senses.
Nursing DisciplineAnswer• Discipline unique body of scientific knowledge
• Forms the foundation for evidence-informed nursing practice
• nursing practice - clinical research, outcomes of care
• Allows practice to change with work environments and the most common health issues
• Maintains the profession societal relevance
nursing profession - job satisfaction, education, administration, etc
Evidence-Informed PracticeAnswerdefined as the conscious and judicious use of the current "best"
evidence in conjunction with clinical expertise and patient values to guide health care decisions
focuses on a more inclusive and interactive process
Example: Also involves acknowledging and considering local ways of knowing, Indigenous knowledge,
cultural and religious norms, and clinical judgement.
• Researchers must consider, for example, how Indigenous peoples' ways of knowing and being are
based on relationships between mind, body, emotion, and spirit of community members and the natural
world.
Research Utilization (RU)Answera subset of evidence-informed practice that focuses on the application
of research findings to improve patient care.
Evidence Based PracticeAnswerthe conscious, explicit, and judicious use of the current best evidence in
the care of patients and the delivery of health care services.
Future Directions and Trends in ResearchAnswer• Community based care
• Health promotion, risk reduction
• Reducing disparities in health care
• Research on older adults
, • Interdisciplinary collaborative practice
• Use of technology
Needs of indigenous peoples
CNO Professional Standards Related to ResearchAnswer• Use research to inform practice/professional
service
• Seek and critique theoretical and research-based literature in nursing, health services, etc.
• Integrate research findings into professional service and practice
• Use research based/informed approaches for application to practice
CNA Position StatementAnswer• "CNA believes that nurses - including clinicians, educators, researchers,
administrators and policy-makers - must collaborate with other health-care stakeholders to facilitate
evidence-informed decision-making and practice". (CNA Position Statement, 2018, p. 1)
Individual NursesAnswer• Are positioned to provide optimal care by having acquired competencies for
evidence-informed nursing practice as part of their foundational education
• Read and critique evidence-informed literature (i.e., research articles, reports) in nursing, health
sciences and related disciplines
• Generate researchable questions and communicate them to their manager or clinical nurse leaders or
associated researchers
• Participate in or conduct research
• Evaluate and promote evidence-informed nursing practice
Entry-to-Practice Competencies for Registered Nurses 2020Answer
Philosophical Foundations and Characteristics of ResearchAnswer• The Nature of Knowledge
• Philosophical Foundations
• Paradigms
• Characteristics of Quantitative Research
Theoretical & Empirical KnowledgeAnswerCommonly referred to as scientific knowledge
What is the significance of research and evidence-informed practice in NursingAnswer- Nursing research
is integral to the achievement of providing quality outcomes in partnership w/ patients, their families/
significant others, and communities
- Nursing research gives specialized scientific knowledge and empowers nurses to anticipate/ meet the
constantly changing challenges and maintain the profession societal relevance
Explain the relationship between evidence-based, evidence-informed, research utilization and appraisal
of research to practiceAnswer- Nurses support and engage in research and other activities to promote
safe, competent, compassionate, and ethical care and use guidelines for ethical research that are in
keeping of nursing values.
- Therefore, to use research (EIP), you may not be able to conduct it, but understand the steps of
research and appraise it to read it critically and also use it to inform your clinical decisions
Role of Nurse to research processAnswer• Consumer: A consumer of research actively uses and applies
research, as a knowledgeable consumer, you must have knowledge about the relevant subject matter,
the ability to discriminate and to evaluate the information logically, and the ability to apply the
knowledge gained
• Generator of clinical questions
• Investigator/participant in research
• Protector of research participants
Historical Perspectives Of Nursing ResearchAnswerFlorence Nightingale was the first nurse researcher
• Key events of the 19th century
Nursing becomes a formal discipline.
Florence Nightingale publishes "Notes on Nursing" in 1860
Schools of nursing are beginning to be established
20th Century
Key events from 1900 to 1940
• Emphasis not on research but on preparation of nurses for practice
Key events from 1950 to 1960
,• The American Nurses Association first publishes Nursing Research
• First master's program in nursing in Canada
Key events from 1960 to 1999
• First federally funded grant for nursing research
• 1st Center for Nursing Research McGill
• Doctoral programs Nursing research funding
21st Century History
Key events from 2000 to 2012
• Research Chair Awards are granted to nursing
• PhD programs in nursing are initiated at numerous universities across Canada.
Values, beliefs, and nature of knowledgeAnswerEach Question requires that clinicians and nurse
researchers engage in a knowledge development process that begins with...
o identification of knowledge gaps (the absence of theoretical or scientific knowledge relevant to the
phenomenon of interest
o Knowledge generation (the conduct of research that provides answers to well thought out research
questions)
o knowledge distribution (distributed through journal articles, textbooks, and public presentations to
nurses)
o Knowledge is adopted (as nurse alter their practice on the basis of published information or as health
care orgs develop policies and protocols that are informed by newly generated knowledge
o Knowledge review and revision (as new health issues arise, advances in clinical practice occur, or
knowledge becomes outdated)
Philosophical assumptions underlying the post-positivist paradigm
and characteristics of quantitative researchAnswer- All research is based on philosophical beliefs about
the world; these beliefs are the motivating values, concepts, principles, and the nature of human
knowledge of an individual, group, or culture, and they are the basis of a worldview or paradigm
- Philosophical beliefs of post-positivist paradigmà Ontology, epistemology, researchers values,
methodology, aim of inquiry, context
,What is Nursing Research?AnswerResearch is the systematic, rigorous, logical investigation with the aim
of answering questions about nursing phenomena
What is Nursing Phenomena?AnswerPhenomena can be defined as occurrences, circumstances, or facts
that are perceptible by the senses.
Nursing DisciplineAnswer• Discipline unique body of scientific knowledge
• Forms the foundation for evidence-informed nursing practice
• nursing practice - clinical research, outcomes of care
• Allows practice to change with work environments and the most common health issues
• Maintains the profession societal relevance
nursing profession - job satisfaction, education, administration, etc
Evidence-Informed PracticeAnswerdefined as the conscious and judicious use of the current "best"
evidence in conjunction with clinical expertise and patient values to guide health care decisions
focuses on a more inclusive and interactive process
Example: Also involves acknowledging and considering local ways of knowing, Indigenous knowledge,
cultural and religious norms, and clinical judgement.
• Researchers must consider, for example, how Indigenous peoples' ways of knowing and being are
based on relationships between mind, body, emotion, and spirit of community members and the natural
world.
Research Utilization (RU)Answera subset of evidence-informed practice that focuses on the application
of research findings to improve patient care.
Evidence Based PracticeAnswerthe conscious, explicit, and judicious use of the current best evidence in
the care of patients and the delivery of health care services.
Future Directions and Trends in ResearchAnswer• Community based care
• Health promotion, risk reduction
• Reducing disparities in health care
• Research on older adults
, • Interdisciplinary collaborative practice
• Use of technology
Needs of indigenous peoples
CNO Professional Standards Related to ResearchAnswer• Use research to inform practice/professional
service
• Seek and critique theoretical and research-based literature in nursing, health services, etc.
• Integrate research findings into professional service and practice
• Use research based/informed approaches for application to practice
CNA Position StatementAnswer• "CNA believes that nurses - including clinicians, educators, researchers,
administrators and policy-makers - must collaborate with other health-care stakeholders to facilitate
evidence-informed decision-making and practice". (CNA Position Statement, 2018, p. 1)
Individual NursesAnswer• Are positioned to provide optimal care by having acquired competencies for
evidence-informed nursing practice as part of their foundational education
• Read and critique evidence-informed literature (i.e., research articles, reports) in nursing, health
sciences and related disciplines
• Generate researchable questions and communicate them to their manager or clinical nurse leaders or
associated researchers
• Participate in or conduct research
• Evaluate and promote evidence-informed nursing practice
Entry-to-Practice Competencies for Registered Nurses 2020Answer
Philosophical Foundations and Characteristics of ResearchAnswer• The Nature of Knowledge
• Philosophical Foundations
• Paradigms
• Characteristics of Quantitative Research
Theoretical & Empirical KnowledgeAnswerCommonly referred to as scientific knowledge
