NURSING MSN 572 APEA 3P QUESTION
BANK WITH ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS GRADED A+) PLUS
RATIONALES|| LATEST UPDATE 2026
1. (Pharmacology)
A patient is prescribed lisinopril. Which lab value requires monitoring?
A. Potassium
B. Calcium
C. Sodium
D. Magnesium
Answer: A. Potassium
Rationale: ACE inhibitors can cause hyperkalemia by reducing aldosterone levels.
2. (Pathophysiology)
What is the underlying cause of Type 1 diabetes?
A. Insulin resistance
B. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
C. Excess glucagon
D. Obesity
Answer: B. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
Rationale: Type 1 DM results from autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic
cells.
3. (Assessment)
Which finding is most concerning in a patient with chest pain?
,A. Pain reproducible with palpation
B. Pain radiating to left arm
C. Pain relieved by position
D. Pain lasting seconds
Answer: B. Pain radiating to left arm
Rationale: Classic sign of myocardial ischemia.
4. (Pharmacology)
Which medication class is first-line for hypertension?
A. Beta-blockers
B. ACE inhibitors
C. Loop diuretics
D. Calcium supplements
Answer: B. ACE inhibitors
Rationale: Recommended first-line therapy in many patients.
5. (Pathophysiology)
What causes metabolic acidosis in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
A. Excess insulin
B. Ketone accumulation
C. Bicarbonate excess
D. Respiratory failure
Answer: B. Ketone accumulation
Rationale: Fat breakdown produces acidic ketones.
6. (Assessment)
Which is an early sign of hypoxia?
A. Cyanosis
B. Restlessness
,C. Bradycardia
D. Hypotension
Answer: B. Restlessness
Rationale: Early neurological sign before cyanosis.
7. (Pharmacology)
Which drug is used to reverse opioid overdose?
A. Naloxone
B. Atropine
C. Flumazenil
D. Epinephrine
Answer: A. Naloxone
Rationale: Opioid antagonist that reverses respiratory depression.
8. (Pathophysiology)
What is the primary defect in asthma?
A. Alveolar collapse
B. Airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction
C. Pulmonary edema
D. Pleural effusion
Answer: B. Airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction
Rationale: Leads to reversible airway obstruction.
9. (Assessment)
Which vital sign is most important in a patient receiving opioids?
A. Temperature
B. Respiratory rate
C. Blood pressure
D. Pulse
, Answer: B. Respiratory rate
Rationale: Risk of respiratory depression.
10. (Pharmacology)
Which medication is a beta-blocker?
A. Lisinopril
B. Metoprolol
C. Furosemide
D. Amlodipine
Answer: B. Metoprolol
Rationale: Beta-blockers reduce heart rate and BP.
11. (Pathophysiology)
Which condition leads to right-sided heart failure?
A. Hypertension
B. Pulmonary disease
C. MI
D. Diabetes
Answer: B. Pulmonary disease
Rationale: Increased pulmonary pressure strains right ventricle.
12. (Assessment)
Which finding suggests dehydration?
A. Edema
B. Dry mucous membranes
C. Crackles
D. Weight gain
Answer: B. Dry mucous membranes
Rationale: Indicates fluid deficit.
BANK WITH ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS GRADED A+) PLUS
RATIONALES|| LATEST UPDATE 2026
1. (Pharmacology)
A patient is prescribed lisinopril. Which lab value requires monitoring?
A. Potassium
B. Calcium
C. Sodium
D. Magnesium
Answer: A. Potassium
Rationale: ACE inhibitors can cause hyperkalemia by reducing aldosterone levels.
2. (Pathophysiology)
What is the underlying cause of Type 1 diabetes?
A. Insulin resistance
B. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
C. Excess glucagon
D. Obesity
Answer: B. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
Rationale: Type 1 DM results from autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic
cells.
3. (Assessment)
Which finding is most concerning in a patient with chest pain?
,A. Pain reproducible with palpation
B. Pain radiating to left arm
C. Pain relieved by position
D. Pain lasting seconds
Answer: B. Pain radiating to left arm
Rationale: Classic sign of myocardial ischemia.
4. (Pharmacology)
Which medication class is first-line for hypertension?
A. Beta-blockers
B. ACE inhibitors
C. Loop diuretics
D. Calcium supplements
Answer: B. ACE inhibitors
Rationale: Recommended first-line therapy in many patients.
5. (Pathophysiology)
What causes metabolic acidosis in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
A. Excess insulin
B. Ketone accumulation
C. Bicarbonate excess
D. Respiratory failure
Answer: B. Ketone accumulation
Rationale: Fat breakdown produces acidic ketones.
6. (Assessment)
Which is an early sign of hypoxia?
A. Cyanosis
B. Restlessness
,C. Bradycardia
D. Hypotension
Answer: B. Restlessness
Rationale: Early neurological sign before cyanosis.
7. (Pharmacology)
Which drug is used to reverse opioid overdose?
A. Naloxone
B. Atropine
C. Flumazenil
D. Epinephrine
Answer: A. Naloxone
Rationale: Opioid antagonist that reverses respiratory depression.
8. (Pathophysiology)
What is the primary defect in asthma?
A. Alveolar collapse
B. Airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction
C. Pulmonary edema
D. Pleural effusion
Answer: B. Airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction
Rationale: Leads to reversible airway obstruction.
9. (Assessment)
Which vital sign is most important in a patient receiving opioids?
A. Temperature
B. Respiratory rate
C. Blood pressure
D. Pulse
, Answer: B. Respiratory rate
Rationale: Risk of respiratory depression.
10. (Pharmacology)
Which medication is a beta-blocker?
A. Lisinopril
B. Metoprolol
C. Furosemide
D. Amlodipine
Answer: B. Metoprolol
Rationale: Beta-blockers reduce heart rate and BP.
11. (Pathophysiology)
Which condition leads to right-sided heart failure?
A. Hypertension
B. Pulmonary disease
C. MI
D. Diabetes
Answer: B. Pulmonary disease
Rationale: Increased pulmonary pressure strains right ventricle.
12. (Assessment)
Which finding suggests dehydration?
A. Edema
B. Dry mucous membranes
C. Crackles
D. Weight gain
Answer: B. Dry mucous membranes
Rationale: Indicates fluid deficit.
