EXAM QUESTIONS AND
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energy - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The capacity to do work. Cellular work includes
processes such as building complex molecules and moving substances
into and out of the cell.
biofuels - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔renewable fuels made from living organisms
,fossil fuels - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Carbon-rich energy sources, such as
petroleum, natural gas, and coal, which are formed from the compressed,
fossilized remains of once-living organisms.
chemical energy - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔potential energy stored in the chemical
bonds that hold chemical compounds together
conservation of energy - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The principle that energy cannot
be created or destroyed, but can be transformed from one form to another.
potential energy - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔stored energy
kinetic energy - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔energy due to motion
heat - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The kinetic energy generated by random movements
of molecules or atoms.
Photosynthesis - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The process by which plants and algae
harness the energy of sunlight to make sugar from carbon dioxide and
water.
autotrophs - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Organisms such as plants, algae, and certain
bacteria that can make their own food from inorganic starting materials
(e.g., CO2).
, heterotrophs - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Organisms, such as humans and other
animals, that obtain energy by consuming organic molecules that were
produced by other organisms.
Chloroplast - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The organelle in plant and algae cells where
photosynthesis occurs.
light energy - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔a type of electromagnetic radiation that
includes visible light
photons - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Packets of light energy, each with a specific
wavelength and quantity of energy.
chlorophyll - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The pigment present in the green parts of
plants that absorbs photons of light energy during the "photo" reactions of
photosynthesis.
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The molecule in cells that
powers energy-requiring functions.
carbon fixation - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔The conversion of inorganic carbon (e.g.,
CO2) into organic forms (e.g., sugars like glucose, C6H12O6.
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