NR293 EXAM 2 2026 TEST PAPER QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
◉ Antithyroid Drugs - Mechanism of Action Answer: METHIMAZOLE
& PROPYLTHIOURACIL
- Inhibits the incorporation of IODINE molecules into the amino acid
thyrosine that is required to make T3 and T4
- Propylthiouracil also inhibits the conversion of T4 to T3 during
peripheral circulation
◉ Antithyroid Drugs - Indications Answer: - Treat hyperthyroidism
- PREVENT SURGE IN THYROID HORMONES AFTER SURGICAL
TREATMENT OR DURING RADIOACTIVE IODINE THERAPY
◉ Antithyroid Drugs - Adverse Effects Answer: - LIVER AND BONE
MARROW TOXICITY IS THE MOST DAMAGING/SERIOUS EFFECT
◉ Propylthiouracil (PTU) Answer: Thioamide antithyroid
- 2 WEEKS OF THERAPY MAY BE NECESSARY BEFORE SYMPTOMS
IMPROVE
,◉ Who should have caution when using antithyroid drugs? Answer:
- Those with cardiac disease or hypertension
- PREGNANT WOMEN
◉ Should you take antithyroid hormones early or later in the day?
Answer: Take them earlier, as they can cause INSOMNIA
◉ Antithyroid Drugs - Nursing Implications Answer: - Teach the
patient to REPORT ANY UNUSUAL SYMPTOMS, CHEST PAIN, OR
HEART PALPATIONS
- MAY ENHANCE ACTIVITY OF ANTICOAGULANTS
- DIABETICS MAY NEED INCREASED DOSES OF HYPOGLYCEMIC
MEDS
- MAY DECREASE SERUM DIGOXIN LEVELS
◉ Pregnancy during treatment of Hypothyroidism Answer: -
DURING PREGNANCY, TREATMENT SHOULD CONTINUE
- Fetal growth may be retarded if maternal hypothyroidism is
untreated during pregnancy
- Adjust DOSAGE EVERY 4 WEEKS TO KEEP TSH AT THE LOWER
END OF THE NORMAL RANGE
,◉ Thyroid Crisis (Thyroid Storm) Answer: Exacerbation of
hyperthyroidism is POTENTIALLY LIFE THREATENING
- Caused by stress or infection
◉ In regards to food, what should be avoided with antithyroid
medications? Answer: - AVOID EATING FOOD HIGH IN IODINE
(seafood, soy sauce, tofu, and iodized salt)
- BETTER TOLERATED WHEN TAKEN WITH FOOD
- NEVER STOP MEDS ABRUPTLY
◉ Pancreas Answer: Located behind stomach
- Both exocrine and endocrine gland
- GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS (INSULIN AND GLUCAGON)
◉ Glucogen Answer: STORING GLUCOSE
- stored in liver and skeletal muscle tissue
◉ Glycogenolysis Answer: USING GLUCOSE
- conversion of glycogen into glucose as needed
, ◉ Insulin Answer: INSULIN IS ANABOLIC
- Direct effect on fat metabolism
- PROMOTES INTRACELLULAR SHIFT OF POTASSIUM AND
MAGNESIUM INTO THE CELLS
- Cortisol, epinephrine, and GH work with glucagon to counter the
effects of insulin
◉ Diabetes Mellitus Answer: Group of progressive disease
Two types:
- Type 1 (10%)
- Type 2 (90%)
◉ What are some signs and symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus? Answer:
- ELEVATED FASTING BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL (higher than 126
mg/dL or hemoglobin A1C level greater than or equal to 6.5%)
- POLYURIA
- POLYDYPSIA
- POLYPHAGIA
- GLYCOSURIA
AND SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
◉ Antithyroid Drugs - Mechanism of Action Answer: METHIMAZOLE
& PROPYLTHIOURACIL
- Inhibits the incorporation of IODINE molecules into the amino acid
thyrosine that is required to make T3 and T4
- Propylthiouracil also inhibits the conversion of T4 to T3 during
peripheral circulation
◉ Antithyroid Drugs - Indications Answer: - Treat hyperthyroidism
- PREVENT SURGE IN THYROID HORMONES AFTER SURGICAL
TREATMENT OR DURING RADIOACTIVE IODINE THERAPY
◉ Antithyroid Drugs - Adverse Effects Answer: - LIVER AND BONE
MARROW TOXICITY IS THE MOST DAMAGING/SERIOUS EFFECT
◉ Propylthiouracil (PTU) Answer: Thioamide antithyroid
- 2 WEEKS OF THERAPY MAY BE NECESSARY BEFORE SYMPTOMS
IMPROVE
,◉ Who should have caution when using antithyroid drugs? Answer:
- Those with cardiac disease or hypertension
- PREGNANT WOMEN
◉ Should you take antithyroid hormones early or later in the day?
Answer: Take them earlier, as they can cause INSOMNIA
◉ Antithyroid Drugs - Nursing Implications Answer: - Teach the
patient to REPORT ANY UNUSUAL SYMPTOMS, CHEST PAIN, OR
HEART PALPATIONS
- MAY ENHANCE ACTIVITY OF ANTICOAGULANTS
- DIABETICS MAY NEED INCREASED DOSES OF HYPOGLYCEMIC
MEDS
- MAY DECREASE SERUM DIGOXIN LEVELS
◉ Pregnancy during treatment of Hypothyroidism Answer: -
DURING PREGNANCY, TREATMENT SHOULD CONTINUE
- Fetal growth may be retarded if maternal hypothyroidism is
untreated during pregnancy
- Adjust DOSAGE EVERY 4 WEEKS TO KEEP TSH AT THE LOWER
END OF THE NORMAL RANGE
,◉ Thyroid Crisis (Thyroid Storm) Answer: Exacerbation of
hyperthyroidism is POTENTIALLY LIFE THREATENING
- Caused by stress or infection
◉ In regards to food, what should be avoided with antithyroid
medications? Answer: - AVOID EATING FOOD HIGH IN IODINE
(seafood, soy sauce, tofu, and iodized salt)
- BETTER TOLERATED WHEN TAKEN WITH FOOD
- NEVER STOP MEDS ABRUPTLY
◉ Pancreas Answer: Located behind stomach
- Both exocrine and endocrine gland
- GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS (INSULIN AND GLUCAGON)
◉ Glucogen Answer: STORING GLUCOSE
- stored in liver and skeletal muscle tissue
◉ Glycogenolysis Answer: USING GLUCOSE
- conversion of glycogen into glucose as needed
, ◉ Insulin Answer: INSULIN IS ANABOLIC
- Direct effect on fat metabolism
- PROMOTES INTRACELLULAR SHIFT OF POTASSIUM AND
MAGNESIUM INTO THE CELLS
- Cortisol, epinephrine, and GH work with glucagon to counter the
effects of insulin
◉ Diabetes Mellitus Answer: Group of progressive disease
Two types:
- Type 1 (10%)
- Type 2 (90%)
◉ What are some signs and symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus? Answer:
- ELEVATED FASTING BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL (higher than 126
mg/dL or hemoglobin A1C level greater than or equal to 6.5%)
- POLYURIA
- POLYDYPSIA
- POLYPHAGIA
- GLYCOSURIA
