COMPLETE EXAM QUESTIONS
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Explain the four transport mechanisms that play a role in hemodialysis - 🧠
ANSWER ✔✔● Ultrafiltration: Fluid is pushed through a semipermeable
membrane.
,● Convection: Or solute drag means that solutes move with the water
across the semipermeable membrane. In this way, convection adds to the
clearance achieved through diffusion as solutes are dragged along with the
ultrafiltrate.
● Diffusion: Is the movement of dissolved particles across a
semipermeable membrane from the side with the higher concentration to
the side with the lower concentration. This difference in solute
concentration on each side of the membrane is called concentration
gradient. The higher the concentration gradient, the faster diffusion occurs.
Once the concentration of a dissolved particle is the same on both sides of
the semipermeable membrane, diffusion stops.
● Osmosis: Is a chemical process by which dissolved chemicals will
migrate from an area of high concentration to one of low
,concentration. Essentially if you dissolve something in a liquid, the
dissolved compounds (called solutes) will spread out until there is
an equal concentration of solute everywhere.
What are the kidneys excretory functions - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔To normalize
electrolytes, remove wastes, provide fluid and nutrient balance
What is the function of the acid concentration - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Provides
the concentration gradient for diffusion and helps normalize electrolytes
What is the function of bicarbonate - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Buffers the acid
concentrate
Signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔> 5.5 mEq: extreme
muscle weakness, abnormal heart rhythm, possible cardiac arrest
Signs and symptoms of hypokalemia - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔< 3.5 mEq: fatigue,
muscle weakness, paralysis, respiratory failure, cardiac instability,
arrhythmias, cardiac arrest
What are the kidneys endocrine functions - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Renin
secretion, Erythropoeitin secretion, Vit D Activation
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, How do we replace normal endocrine kidney functions - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Provide medications
How much of normal kidney function is replaced by hemodialysis - 🧠
ANSWER ✔✔15%
What is uremia and how does it affect the body? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Uremia
is a buildup of wastes in the blood due to kidney failure and affects all body
systems.
What are the most common causes of CKD in the usa? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Diabetes
Hypertension
Polycystic Kidney Disease
Outline the treatment goals for a patient with CKD - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-
slowing the progression of ckd
-managing comorbidities and complications
-controlling symptoms
-minimizing the effects of ckd on patients' lifestyles