Practice Exam, Exams of
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1. Susie is playing with blocks and is trying to build a tower; she tries but cannot
build a
tower. Susie's mother helps her build a four-block tower. Later, Susie builds a four-
block
tower without her mother's help. According to Vygotsky, the inability to build the
tower on
her own is known as: - ANSWERS-The zone of proximal development (this is a
range of tasks that are too difficult for children to do alone, but possible with
help)
According to Erickson, when an individual fails to develop a strong sense of
identity, the
individual will have troubles with the development of: - ANSWERS-Intimacy
(individuals who fail to attain a lower level of development will fail to attain the
next higher level).
Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages in Freud's theory of
personality
,development? - ANSWERS-Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
Jacob's father tells Jacob to clean his room. When Jacob asks why, his father
responds,
"Because I said so." The father's response is most representative of which
parenting style? - ANSWERS-Authoritarian (uses coercion and psychological
control to discipline children)
Harry Harlow used baby monkeys and several different kinds of "surrogate
mothers" to
investigate which factors are important in early development and attachment.
According to
his findings, baby monkeys: - ANSWERS-Preferred a soft terry cloth mother to a
wire mesh mother than holds a bottle.
Which of the following is a myth about suicide in the United States? - ANSWERS-
Asking someone about suicide may push that person over the edge.
Cody does what his parents say because he doesn't want to lose his television
privileges.
This is an example of what level in Kohlberg's theory of moral development? -
ANSWERS-Preconventional (the individual is most concerned with
consequences)
Josie likes to play peek-a-boo with her little brother, Jack. According to Piaget, Jack
finds
,this game fun because he has acquired ____________, which is one of the
primary tasks of the
sensorimotor stage of cognitive development. - ANSWERS-Object permanence
The theorist associated with bonding and attachment is: - ANSWERS-Bowlby
Henry, a 72-year-old widower, reminisces with his daughter about his life. He talks
about his successes and regrets. This is an example of Erikson's: - ANSWERS-Ego
integrity stage
When it comes to displaying aggression, girls more often engage in ____________
aggression than boys. - ANSWERS-Relational
All of the following are physical characteristics of Down Syndrome EXCEPT: -
ANSWERS-Large hands and feet
Which of the following statements is true when considering cultural and familial
influences on self-esteem? - ANSWERS-An authoritative parenting style usually
allows children to have especially high self-esteem
Research on gay and lesbian couples - ANSWERS-They are as dedicated to and as
effective at child rearing as are heterosexual parents.
, In the Stanford prison study, what caused the guards to treat the prisoners
harshly? - ANSWERS-It was the social context that determined the behaviors of
both the guards and the
prisoners. In the Stanford prison study, the setting was so realistic that the
participants
became guards and prisoners. Their personal identities were masked by the
context of
being in a prison as either a guard or a prisoner
In the original studies, Milgram and his colleagues found that people were more
likely to
disobey under all of the following circumstances EXCEPT when __________. -
ANSWERS-the victim was in an adjoining room so the "teacher" heard every
sound the victim made
In the Stanford prison simulation, male college students agreed to participate in
an
experiment to discover what would happen when they took on the roles of
prisoners and
guards. The researchers found that __________. - ANSWERS-The individuals
who played one role or another really took on their role. It did not matter how the
guards treated them or acted toward them, the fact that they became like "real"
prisoners was the key finding. Individuals who played guards took on behaviors of
"real" guards; and individuals who played prisoners took on behaviors of "real"
prisoners.