HMX Immunology Final Exam Study Guide
Questions With Correct Answers
Tissue resident sentinel cells include (3 types) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Dendritic
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cells, macrophages, and mast cells
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Circulating leukocytes involved in innate response (2 types) - CORRECT
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ANSWER✔✔-Monocytes and neutrophils | |
Phagocytic immune cells (2 types) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Macrophages and
| | | | | | | | |
neutrophils
Difference between macrophages and neutrophils? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
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Neutrophils are short lived and will undergo apoptosis after eating a microbe;
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macrophages are longer-lived and will eat apoptotic cells and waste
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General cytokine role in innate immune response (and what cells release them?) -
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CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Released by dendritic cells, macrophages, and mast cells.
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Pro-inflammatory molecules that interact with blood vessel endothelium to
| | | | | | | | |
recruit circulating leukocytes, fluid, and proteins into tissue
| | | | | | |
Which tissue-resident sentinel cell will release histamine upon activation? -
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CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Mast cell
| |
,Cytokines promote up-regulation of what kind of molecule within blood vessel
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walls? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Adhesion molecules
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E-Selectin - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-An adhesion molecule that helps to slow
| | | | | | | | | |
down circulating leukocytes in innate immune response (low-affinity interaction)
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E-Selectin Ligand - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A ligand expressed by circulating
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leukocytes that helps them stick to blood vessel endothelium in innate immune
| | | | | | | | | | | |
response
ICAM-1 - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-An adhesion molecule that helps circulating
| | | | | | | | |
leukocytes bind to blood vessel endothelium in innate immune response (high-
| | | | | | | | | |
affinity interaction) |
Integrins (and the name of a specific one) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A class of
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
adhesion molecules expressed on circulating leukocytes; LFA-1 binds to ICAM-1 in
| | | | | | | | | |
|a high affinity interaction during the innate inflammatory response
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Stable Arrest - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-When a circulating leukocyte comes to a
| | | | | | | | | | |
stop within the endothelium thanks to adhesion molecule interactions and can
| | | | | | | | | | |
enter the tissue | |
Pus - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Comprised of fluid and apoptotic cells/waste as a
| | | | | | | | | | |
result of an inflammatory response (DNA, dead bacteria, apoptotic neutrophils)
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, Psoriasis overview - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Autoimmune disease that can cause
| | | | | | | | |
skin plaques and arthritis; Skin plaques are caused by immune cells migrating into
| | | | | | | | | | | |
the skin and initiating an inflammatory response
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Psoriasis risk factors - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-History of strep infections, skin
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injury, first degree relative with psoriasis
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TNF-alpha in psoriasis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A pro-inflammatory cytokine
| | | | | | | |
expressed in psoriasis that recruits immune cells into the skin and also acts
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
directly on epithelial cells to produce thickened/raised patches
| | | | | | |
Psoriasis treatment (biologics) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Target the pro-
| | | | | | |
inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha and therefore prevent the expression of
| | | | | | | | |
adhesion molecules on endothelial cells and prevent TNF-alpha from acting
| | | | | | | | | |
directly on epithelial cells
| | |
Possible side effects of medications that block adhesion molecules - CORRECT
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ANSWER✔✔-Susceptibility to infection due to inhibiting leukocyte entry into | | | | | | | | |
tissue
Most abundant leukocyte - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Neutrophils
| | | | |
What kind of infections are neutrophils particularly effective against? - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-Extracellular bacterial infections | |
Plasmacytoid dendritic cell - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A type of sentinel cell that
| | | | | | | | | | |
detects viruses and releases type 1 interferons
| | | | | |
Questions With Correct Answers
Tissue resident sentinel cells include (3 types) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Dendritic
| | | | | | | | | |
cells, macrophages, and mast cells
| | | |
Circulating leukocytes involved in innate response (2 types) - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-Monocytes and neutrophils | |
Phagocytic immune cells (2 types) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Macrophages and
| | | | | | | | |
neutrophils
Difference between macrophages and neutrophils? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | |
Neutrophils are short lived and will undergo apoptosis after eating a microbe;
| | | | | | | | | | | |
macrophages are longer-lived and will eat apoptotic cells and waste
| | | | | | | | |
General cytokine role in innate immune response (and what cells release them?) -
| | | | | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Released by dendritic cells, macrophages, and mast cells.
| | | | | | | | | |
Pro-inflammatory molecules that interact with blood vessel endothelium to
| | | | | | | | |
recruit circulating leukocytes, fluid, and proteins into tissue
| | | | | | |
Which tissue-resident sentinel cell will release histamine upon activation? -
| | | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Mast cell
| |
,Cytokines promote up-regulation of what kind of molecule within blood vessel
| | | | | | | | | | |
walls? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Adhesion molecules
| | | |
E-Selectin - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-An adhesion molecule that helps to slow
| | | | | | | | | |
down circulating leukocytes in innate immune response (low-affinity interaction)
| | | | | | | |
E-Selectin Ligand - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A ligand expressed by circulating
| | | | | | | | |
leukocytes that helps them stick to blood vessel endothelium in innate immune
| | | | | | | | | | | |
response
ICAM-1 - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-An adhesion molecule that helps circulating
| | | | | | | | |
leukocytes bind to blood vessel endothelium in innate immune response (high-
| | | | | | | | | |
affinity interaction) |
Integrins (and the name of a specific one) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A class of
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
adhesion molecules expressed on circulating leukocytes; LFA-1 binds to ICAM-1 in
| | | | | | | | | |
|a high affinity interaction during the innate inflammatory response
| | | | | | | |
Stable Arrest - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-When a circulating leukocyte comes to a
| | | | | | | | | | |
stop within the endothelium thanks to adhesion molecule interactions and can
| | | | | | | | | | |
enter the tissue | |
Pus - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Comprised of fluid and apoptotic cells/waste as a
| | | | | | | | | | |
result of an inflammatory response (DNA, dead bacteria, apoptotic neutrophils)
| | | | | | | | |
, Psoriasis overview - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Autoimmune disease that can cause
| | | | | | | | |
skin plaques and arthritis; Skin plaques are caused by immune cells migrating into
| | | | | | | | | | | |
the skin and initiating an inflammatory response
| | | | | | |
Psoriasis risk factors - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-History of strep infections, skin
| | | | | | | | | |
injury, first degree relative with psoriasis
| | | | |
TNF-alpha in psoriasis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A pro-inflammatory cytokine
| | | | | | | |
expressed in psoriasis that recruits immune cells into the skin and also acts
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
directly on epithelial cells to produce thickened/raised patches
| | | | | | |
Psoriasis treatment (biologics) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Target the pro-
| | | | | | |
inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha and therefore prevent the expression of
| | | | | | | | |
adhesion molecules on endothelial cells and prevent TNF-alpha from acting
| | | | | | | | | |
directly on epithelial cells
| | |
Possible side effects of medications that block adhesion molecules - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-Susceptibility to infection due to inhibiting leukocyte entry into | | | | | | | | |
tissue
Most abundant leukocyte - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Neutrophils
| | | | |
What kind of infections are neutrophils particularly effective against? - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-Extracellular bacterial infections | |
Plasmacytoid dendritic cell - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A type of sentinel cell that
| | | | | | | | | | |
detects viruses and releases type 1 interferons
| | | | | |
