560I FUNCTIONAL MEDICINE COMP FINAL
STUDY PAPER 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
◉ Which of the following is a good test for copper excess?
A.) RBC Cu
B.) Urinary copper
C.) Low serum copper to ceruloplasmin ratio
D.) Urinary HVA/VMA ratio. Answer: B.) Urinary Copper
◉ The action of what hormone is reduced in chromium deficiency?
A.) Insulin
B.) Testosterone
C.) Thyroxine
D.) Glucagon. Answer: A.) Insulin
◉ Why does direct testing of calcium in body fluids fail to reveal
nutritional status of calcium? \
A.) Other elements interfere with the measurement of calcium in
body fluids.
B.) Calcium levels in body fluids change too rapidly to allow
interpretation of calcium balance.
,C.) Strong mechanisms assure constant ionic calcium levels even in
calcium deficiency.
D.) Calcium is present at levels too low to detect in body fluids..
Answer: C.) Strong mechanisms assure constant ionic calcium levels
even in calcium deficiency.
◉ What element has been shown to protect from the toxic effects of
mercury?
A.) Copper
B.) Selenium
C.) Zinc
D.) Magnesium. Answer: B.) Selenium
◉ A pattern of elevated essential amino acids is an early sign of
deficiency of what vitamin?
A.) C
B.) A
C.) B6
D.) B12. Answer: C.) B6
◉ Which medical condition is often found in patients with elevated
plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine?
A.) Food allergies
,B.) Maldigestion
C.) Hypertension
D.) Chronic fatigue. Answer: C.) Hypertension
◉ What metabolic process creates the largest demand for amino
acids?
A.) Hepatic detoxification reactions
B.) Protein synthesis
C.) Hydrochloric acid production
D.) Neurotransmitter synthesis. Answer: B.) Protein Synthesis
◉ What effect does delayed specimen transport have on relative
levels of glutamate and glutamine?
A.) The levels are stable for at least one week.
B.) Glutamine is consumed by enzymes in plasma
C.) Glutamate decreases due to changes in pH
D.) Glutamine is slowly hydrolyzed to glutamate. Answer: D.)
Glutamine is slowly hydrolyzed to glutamate
◉ Which amino acid, when administered as a challenge for testing
status of a vitamin, helps to alleviate one of the effects of deficiency
of the vitamin?
A.) Tryptophan
, B.) Phenylalanine
C.) Histidine
D.) Isoleucine. Answer: C.) Histidine
◉ Which amino acid is converted into a neurotransmitter by two
sequential hydroxylation reactions requiring tetrahydrobiopterin as
a cofactor?
A.) Glutamic Acid
B.) Valine
C.) Tryptophan
D.) Phenylalanine. Answer: D.) Phenylalanine
◉ Which amino acid is a substrate for competing reactions that lead
to either a compound that supplies a methyl group or to a compound
that supplies protection from oxidative stress?A.) Taurine
B.) Proline
C.) Asparagine
D.) Homocysteine. Answer: D.) Homocysteine
◉ What is the principal metabolic outcome of the glycine cleavage
system?
A.) Generation of 5-10-methylene THF
B.) Regeneration of tetrahydrobiopterin
STUDY PAPER 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
◉ Which of the following is a good test for copper excess?
A.) RBC Cu
B.) Urinary copper
C.) Low serum copper to ceruloplasmin ratio
D.) Urinary HVA/VMA ratio. Answer: B.) Urinary Copper
◉ The action of what hormone is reduced in chromium deficiency?
A.) Insulin
B.) Testosterone
C.) Thyroxine
D.) Glucagon. Answer: A.) Insulin
◉ Why does direct testing of calcium in body fluids fail to reveal
nutritional status of calcium? \
A.) Other elements interfere with the measurement of calcium in
body fluids.
B.) Calcium levels in body fluids change too rapidly to allow
interpretation of calcium balance.
,C.) Strong mechanisms assure constant ionic calcium levels even in
calcium deficiency.
D.) Calcium is present at levels too low to detect in body fluids..
Answer: C.) Strong mechanisms assure constant ionic calcium levels
even in calcium deficiency.
◉ What element has been shown to protect from the toxic effects of
mercury?
A.) Copper
B.) Selenium
C.) Zinc
D.) Magnesium. Answer: B.) Selenium
◉ A pattern of elevated essential amino acids is an early sign of
deficiency of what vitamin?
A.) C
B.) A
C.) B6
D.) B12. Answer: C.) B6
◉ Which medical condition is often found in patients with elevated
plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine?
A.) Food allergies
,B.) Maldigestion
C.) Hypertension
D.) Chronic fatigue. Answer: C.) Hypertension
◉ What metabolic process creates the largest demand for amino
acids?
A.) Hepatic detoxification reactions
B.) Protein synthesis
C.) Hydrochloric acid production
D.) Neurotransmitter synthesis. Answer: B.) Protein Synthesis
◉ What effect does delayed specimen transport have on relative
levels of glutamate and glutamine?
A.) The levels are stable for at least one week.
B.) Glutamine is consumed by enzymes in plasma
C.) Glutamate decreases due to changes in pH
D.) Glutamine is slowly hydrolyzed to glutamate. Answer: D.)
Glutamine is slowly hydrolyzed to glutamate
◉ Which amino acid, when administered as a challenge for testing
status of a vitamin, helps to alleviate one of the effects of deficiency
of the vitamin?
A.) Tryptophan
, B.) Phenylalanine
C.) Histidine
D.) Isoleucine. Answer: C.) Histidine
◉ Which amino acid is converted into a neurotransmitter by two
sequential hydroxylation reactions requiring tetrahydrobiopterin as
a cofactor?
A.) Glutamic Acid
B.) Valine
C.) Tryptophan
D.) Phenylalanine. Answer: D.) Phenylalanine
◉ Which amino acid is a substrate for competing reactions that lead
to either a compound that supplies a methyl group or to a compound
that supplies protection from oxidative stress?A.) Taurine
B.) Proline
C.) Asparagine
D.) Homocysteine. Answer: D.) Homocysteine
◉ What is the principal metabolic outcome of the glycine cleavage
system?
A.) Generation of 5-10-methylene THF
B.) Regeneration of tetrahydrobiopterin
