NSG 120 STUDY GUIDE 2026
COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
◉Graves disease. Answer: an autoimmune disorder that is caused by
hyperthyroidism and is characterized by goiter and/or
exophthalmos
◉Hypothyroidism symptoms. Answer: Fatigue, lethargy. Modest
weight gain with anorexia. Dry, coarse skin and cold intolerance.
Swelling of face, hands, and legs. Constipation. Weakness, muscle
cramps, arthralgias, paresthesias, impaired memory and hearing.
◉Cretinism. Answer: condition of congenital hypothyroidism in
children that results in a lack of mental development and dwarfed
physical stature; the thyroid gland is either congenitally absent or
imperfectly developed
◉Hashimoto's disease. Answer: an autoimmune disease in which the
body's own antibodies attack and destroy the cells of the thyroid
gland
,◉thyrotoxicosis s/s. Answer: condition caused by the exposure of
body tissue to excessive levels of thyroid hormone
◉simple goiter. Answer: thyroid enlarges due to lack of iodine in the
diet
◉Simple Goiter Treatment. Answer: Goal is to reduce the size of the
goiter. Dietary supplements of iodine or T3 and T4 hormone
replacement therapy
◉Cushing's syndrome. Answer: a condition caused by prolonged
exposure to high levels of cortisol
◉Cushing's syndrome symptoms. Answer: Obesity, wasted
extremities, buffalo hump, acne, hirsutism, amenorrhea, proximal
muscle weakness, striae, HTN
◉Addison Disease S/S. Answer: chronic fatigue, and weakness, loss
of appetite with consequent weight loss, inability to retain H2O and
salt= dehydration
hyperpigmentation of the skin
◉Addison's disease. Answer: A rare, chronic endocrine disorder in
which the adrenal glands do not produce sufficient steroid
hormones.
, ◉SIADH. Answer: syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
◉SIADH treatment. Answer: Fluid restrictio
◉diabetes insipidus (DI). Answer: antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is
not secreted, or there is a resistance of the kidney to ADH
◉S&S of Diabetes Insipidus (Decreased ADH). Answer: excessive
urine output and thirst, dehydration, weakness, and
◉DKA s/s. Answer: D-ehydration
K-etones in the urine and blood, Kussmaul Resp and K+
A-cidosis, Acetone breath, Anorexia d/t nausea
-Type I or II, a serious complication of insulin deficiency, break down
of fats and rls of ketones
◉HHNKS symptoms. Answer: T2DM
insulin and fluid deficiency
Severe dehydration
COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
◉Graves disease. Answer: an autoimmune disorder that is caused by
hyperthyroidism and is characterized by goiter and/or
exophthalmos
◉Hypothyroidism symptoms. Answer: Fatigue, lethargy. Modest
weight gain with anorexia. Dry, coarse skin and cold intolerance.
Swelling of face, hands, and legs. Constipation. Weakness, muscle
cramps, arthralgias, paresthesias, impaired memory and hearing.
◉Cretinism. Answer: condition of congenital hypothyroidism in
children that results in a lack of mental development and dwarfed
physical stature; the thyroid gland is either congenitally absent or
imperfectly developed
◉Hashimoto's disease. Answer: an autoimmune disease in which the
body's own antibodies attack and destroy the cells of the thyroid
gland
,◉thyrotoxicosis s/s. Answer: condition caused by the exposure of
body tissue to excessive levels of thyroid hormone
◉simple goiter. Answer: thyroid enlarges due to lack of iodine in the
diet
◉Simple Goiter Treatment. Answer: Goal is to reduce the size of the
goiter. Dietary supplements of iodine or T3 and T4 hormone
replacement therapy
◉Cushing's syndrome. Answer: a condition caused by prolonged
exposure to high levels of cortisol
◉Cushing's syndrome symptoms. Answer: Obesity, wasted
extremities, buffalo hump, acne, hirsutism, amenorrhea, proximal
muscle weakness, striae, HTN
◉Addison Disease S/S. Answer: chronic fatigue, and weakness, loss
of appetite with consequent weight loss, inability to retain H2O and
salt= dehydration
hyperpigmentation of the skin
◉Addison's disease. Answer: A rare, chronic endocrine disorder in
which the adrenal glands do not produce sufficient steroid
hormones.
, ◉SIADH. Answer: syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
◉SIADH treatment. Answer: Fluid restrictio
◉diabetes insipidus (DI). Answer: antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is
not secreted, or there is a resistance of the kidney to ADH
◉S&S of Diabetes Insipidus (Decreased ADH). Answer: excessive
urine output and thirst, dehydration, weakness, and
◉DKA s/s. Answer: D-ehydration
K-etones in the urine and blood, Kussmaul Resp and K+
A-cidosis, Acetone breath, Anorexia d/t nausea
-Type I or II, a serious complication of insulin deficiency, break down
of fats and rls of ketones
◉HHNKS symptoms. Answer: T2DM
insulin and fluid deficiency
Severe dehydration
