PHAR 370 FINAL (QUIZBANK) | 683 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION.
Pharmacology - ANS.... -The study of substances that affect or alter living systems
through chemical processes. Systems are usually affected by increasing or
decreasing activity of regulatory processes within the living system
Drug - ANS.... -Any substance received by biological system that is not received for
nutritive purposes
What are the two divisions of pharmacology? - ANS.... -Pharmacodynamics and
Pharmacokinetics
What is Pharmacodynamics - ANS.... -What a drug does to the body?
What is Pharmacokinetics - ANS.... -The study of drug absorption, distribution
metabolism, and excretion as a function of time?
What are the two responses drugs are administered to achieve? - ANS.... -1.
Beneficial effect on an individual
2. Exert a toxic effect on an individual (antibiotics)
What are endogenous ligands? - ANS.... -Substances usually found in the body like
hormones and neurotransmitters
What are the four types of receptors? - ANS.... -Regulatory proteins, transporters,
enzymes, and structural proteins
,What are regulatory proteins? - ANS.... -Proteins that mediate the actions of
endogenous chemical signals. Generally mediate transmembrane signaling
What is signal transduction? - ANS.... -When a ligand/drug bind and activate its
receptor, which then triggers other biochemical events resulting in
pharmacological effect.
What are four common signaling mechanisms for a regulatory protein? - ANS.... -
Regulated transmembrane enzymes, ligand gated ion channels, G-protein coupled
receptor, and intracellular receptors
What are regulated transmembrane enzymes? - ANS.... -Receptors that activate
an enzyme inside the cell when an endogenous ligand or drug binds.
What happens when regulated transmembrane enzymes are activated? - ANS.... -
When activated are called protein kinases, these phosphorylate and activate a
cascade of biochemical events
What are ligand gated ion channels as receptors - ANS.... -Regulatory proteins
that transport ions across the cell membrane when an endogenous ligand or drug
binds to the receptor?
How ligand do gated ion channels work? - ANS.... -When a ligand/drug binds it
undergoes conformational change in the channel to open it
What type of mechanism is the nicotinic receptor? - ANS.... -Ligand gated ion
channel
,What does the nicotinic receptor do? - ANS.... -Ach binds to the receptor in the
muscle causing the channel to open. It increases Na conc. and the muscle
membrane depolarizes and the contraction happens quickly.
What are g-protein coupled receptors? - ANS.... -Receptors that undergo a
conformation change when an endogenous ligand or drug binds, activating a
second messenger system.
What does the g-protein coupled receptor do? - ANS.... -When a drug binds to it,
it changed shape which activates the g-protein. This activates a secondary
messenger that activates the enzyme of ion channel that results in an effect.
What are intracellular receptors? - ANS.... -Receptors that move into the nucleus
when bound to an endogenous ligand or drug, increasing drug expression
What are examples of intracellular receptors? - ANS.... -Steroid and thyroid
hormones
What are transporters? - ANS.... -Receptor proteins that transport endogenous
substances across cell membranes, drugs that target transporters often inhibit
their function
Example of a transporter - ANS.... -SSRIs block the transporter responsible for
removing serotonin
What are enzymes? - ANS.... -Protein catalyze a biological reaction, frugs for
enzymes often inhibit function
, Example of an enzyme - ANS.... -Cholesterol drugs inhibit HMG-CoA reductase
(synthesizes cholesterol).
What are structural proteins - ANS.... -Proteins that contribute to the cell
structure, drugs will disrupt this function
Example of structural proteins - ANS.... -Anticancer drugs bind to microtubules
and inhibit spindle formation, stopping cell division
What are drugs not mediated by receptors - ANS.... -Antiacids and drugs for
chemotherapy
How are drugs classified - ANS.... -By where they bind to a receptor and what the
effect of binding is
Allosteric Activator - ANS.... -Binds to a different area of the receptor than the
agonist, but makes the receptor easier to activate
Competitive Antagonist - ANS.... -Reversibly binds to the same receptor site as an
agonist but does not activate it
Partial Agonist - ANS.... -Binds to the receptor and activates it, but produces a
weak response
Agonist - ANS.... -Binds to and activates the receptor, producing a full response
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION.
Pharmacology - ANS.... -The study of substances that affect or alter living systems
through chemical processes. Systems are usually affected by increasing or
decreasing activity of regulatory processes within the living system
Drug - ANS.... -Any substance received by biological system that is not received for
nutritive purposes
What are the two divisions of pharmacology? - ANS.... -Pharmacodynamics and
Pharmacokinetics
What is Pharmacodynamics - ANS.... -What a drug does to the body?
What is Pharmacokinetics - ANS.... -The study of drug absorption, distribution
metabolism, and excretion as a function of time?
What are the two responses drugs are administered to achieve? - ANS.... -1.
Beneficial effect on an individual
2. Exert a toxic effect on an individual (antibiotics)
What are endogenous ligands? - ANS.... -Substances usually found in the body like
hormones and neurotransmitters
What are the four types of receptors? - ANS.... -Regulatory proteins, transporters,
enzymes, and structural proteins
,What are regulatory proteins? - ANS.... -Proteins that mediate the actions of
endogenous chemical signals. Generally mediate transmembrane signaling
What is signal transduction? - ANS.... -When a ligand/drug bind and activate its
receptor, which then triggers other biochemical events resulting in
pharmacological effect.
What are four common signaling mechanisms for a regulatory protein? - ANS.... -
Regulated transmembrane enzymes, ligand gated ion channels, G-protein coupled
receptor, and intracellular receptors
What are regulated transmembrane enzymes? - ANS.... -Receptors that activate
an enzyme inside the cell when an endogenous ligand or drug binds.
What happens when regulated transmembrane enzymes are activated? - ANS.... -
When activated are called protein kinases, these phosphorylate and activate a
cascade of biochemical events
What are ligand gated ion channels as receptors - ANS.... -Regulatory proteins
that transport ions across the cell membrane when an endogenous ligand or drug
binds to the receptor?
How ligand do gated ion channels work? - ANS.... -When a ligand/drug binds it
undergoes conformational change in the channel to open it
What type of mechanism is the nicotinic receptor? - ANS.... -Ligand gated ion
channel
,What does the nicotinic receptor do? - ANS.... -Ach binds to the receptor in the
muscle causing the channel to open. It increases Na conc. and the muscle
membrane depolarizes and the contraction happens quickly.
What are g-protein coupled receptors? - ANS.... -Receptors that undergo a
conformation change when an endogenous ligand or drug binds, activating a
second messenger system.
What does the g-protein coupled receptor do? - ANS.... -When a drug binds to it,
it changed shape which activates the g-protein. This activates a secondary
messenger that activates the enzyme of ion channel that results in an effect.
What are intracellular receptors? - ANS.... -Receptors that move into the nucleus
when bound to an endogenous ligand or drug, increasing drug expression
What are examples of intracellular receptors? - ANS.... -Steroid and thyroid
hormones
What are transporters? - ANS.... -Receptor proteins that transport endogenous
substances across cell membranes, drugs that target transporters often inhibit
their function
Example of a transporter - ANS.... -SSRIs block the transporter responsible for
removing serotonin
What are enzymes? - ANS.... -Protein catalyze a biological reaction, frugs for
enzymes often inhibit function
, Example of an enzyme - ANS.... -Cholesterol drugs inhibit HMG-CoA reductase
(synthesizes cholesterol).
What are structural proteins - ANS.... -Proteins that contribute to the cell
structure, drugs will disrupt this function
Example of structural proteins - ANS.... -Anticancer drugs bind to microtubules
and inhibit spindle formation, stopping cell division
What are drugs not mediated by receptors - ANS.... -Antiacids and drugs for
chemotherapy
How are drugs classified - ANS.... -By where they bind to a receptor and what the
effect of binding is
Allosteric Activator - ANS.... -Binds to a different area of the receptor than the
agonist, but makes the receptor easier to activate
Competitive Antagonist - ANS.... -Reversibly binds to the same receptor site as an
agonist but does not activate it
Partial Agonist - ANS.... -Binds to the receptor and activates it, but produces a
weak response
Agonist - ANS.... -Binds to and activates the receptor, producing a full response
