NURS 5315 UTA Exam 2 Questions and
Answers Latest (Verified Answers) | Graded
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• Mast cell -✓✓Cellular bags of granules located in loose connective
tisssue close to blood vessels. Activation initiates inflammatory process.
• Histamine -✓✓Causes vasodilation, increases vascular permeability,
increases blood flow to the site of injury- causes erythema and swelling.
• Cytokines -✓✓Soluble factors that contribute to the regulation of
innate or adaptive resistance by affecting other neighboring cells. Can be
pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory. Can react quickly or be more
delayed.
• Leukotrines -✓✓Released when mast cells degranulate, prolong the
inflammatory process. Cause vasodilation, attract neutrophils,
monocytes, and eosinophils.target of inhibition for singular.
• Prostaglandins -✓✓Released when mast cells degranulate, are
produced by the arachidonic pathway. Cause vasodilation, platelet
aggregation at site of injury, pain, and fever.
• Chemotactic factors -✓✓Biochemical substance that attracts leukocyte
to the site of inflammation
• Neutrophils -✓✓Predominant leukocyte at work during the early stages
of acute inflammation
• Monocytes -✓✓Become macrophages when entering the tissue,
responsible for presenting antigens to the CD4 cell which triggers T-cell
immunity and B-cell immunity.
,Releases additional cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF.
• Cytokine IL1 function -✓✓Causes fever, activates phagocytes &
lymphocytes and also increases the release of IL6a
• Cytokine IL6 function -✓✓Stimulates production of acute phase
reactants and promotes growth and stimulation of RBCs
• Cytokine TNF function -✓✓Causes fever, increases synthesis of
proinflammatory proteins by liver, causes muscle wasting, induces
thrombosis
• Cytokine growth factor function -✓✓Promotes production and
maturation of neutrophils
• Complement -✓✓Functions include bacterial lysis, vasodilation and
increased vascular permeability, triggers mast cell degranulation,
chemotaxis, and opsonization.
• Kinin -✓✓Converted to bradykinin which is responsible for pain and
chemotaxis, and it increases vascular permeability and vasodilation.
• Coagulation cascade -✓✓Factor XII activates kinin. Function is to
form fibrin mesh to stop bleeding and trap micro organisms.
• COX1 -✓✓Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Provides
gastroprotection, platelet aggregation, fluid/electrolyte balance
• COX2 -✓✓Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Responsible for
pain, fever, renal protection, tissue repair, reproduction development.
, • COX2 inhibitors- clinical implications -✓✓Protect gastric mucosa-
prevent ulcers and bleeding. Removed from market r/t cardiac events
except for Celebrex. Can impair renal function , monitor labs.
• Arachidonic pathway purpose -✓✓Synthesis of prostaglandins
• Non-selective NSAIDS -✓✓Inhibit COX1 and COX2, risk for gastric
ulceration, GI bleeds, edema, renal impairment
• ASA -✓✓Blocks COX1 and COX2, also inhibits Thromboxane A2
and prostaglandins
• Corticosteroids -✓✓Inhibit phospholipase A2, preventing formation of
prostaglandins, thromboxane A2, prostacyclin, and leukotrines
• Thromboxane -✓✓Vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation
• Prostacyclin -✓✓Vasodilation, platelet aggregation (most effective
one)
• Type 1 hypersensitivity -✓✓E. Immediate response to allergen, food,
meds, pollen, asthma, allergic reactions
P. IgE binds with antigen at 1st exposure. Antigen binds with this
complex at 2nd exposure. Inflammatory cascade initiates.
C.M. Urticaria, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, angioedema, anaphylaxis
• Atopic disorders -✓✓Genetic Type 1 hypersensitivity, asthma, hay
fever, eczema, urticaria
• Type 2 hypersensitivity -✓✓E. Antibodies directed against fixed
antigens on the plasma membrane of cells
C.M. Varies depending on alloimmune or autoimmune
Answers Latest (Verified Answers) | Graded
A+ | 100% Correct
• Mast cell -✓✓Cellular bags of granules located in loose connective
tisssue close to blood vessels. Activation initiates inflammatory process.
• Histamine -✓✓Causes vasodilation, increases vascular permeability,
increases blood flow to the site of injury- causes erythema and swelling.
• Cytokines -✓✓Soluble factors that contribute to the regulation of
innate or adaptive resistance by affecting other neighboring cells. Can be
pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory. Can react quickly or be more
delayed.
• Leukotrines -✓✓Released when mast cells degranulate, prolong the
inflammatory process. Cause vasodilation, attract neutrophils,
monocytes, and eosinophils.target of inhibition for singular.
• Prostaglandins -✓✓Released when mast cells degranulate, are
produced by the arachidonic pathway. Cause vasodilation, platelet
aggregation at site of injury, pain, and fever.
• Chemotactic factors -✓✓Biochemical substance that attracts leukocyte
to the site of inflammation
• Neutrophils -✓✓Predominant leukocyte at work during the early stages
of acute inflammation
• Monocytes -✓✓Become macrophages when entering the tissue,
responsible for presenting antigens to the CD4 cell which triggers T-cell
immunity and B-cell immunity.
,Releases additional cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF.
• Cytokine IL1 function -✓✓Causes fever, activates phagocytes &
lymphocytes and also increases the release of IL6a
• Cytokine IL6 function -✓✓Stimulates production of acute phase
reactants and promotes growth and stimulation of RBCs
• Cytokine TNF function -✓✓Causes fever, increases synthesis of
proinflammatory proteins by liver, causes muscle wasting, induces
thrombosis
• Cytokine growth factor function -✓✓Promotes production and
maturation of neutrophils
• Complement -✓✓Functions include bacterial lysis, vasodilation and
increased vascular permeability, triggers mast cell degranulation,
chemotaxis, and opsonization.
• Kinin -✓✓Converted to bradykinin which is responsible for pain and
chemotaxis, and it increases vascular permeability and vasodilation.
• Coagulation cascade -✓✓Factor XII activates kinin. Function is to
form fibrin mesh to stop bleeding and trap micro organisms.
• COX1 -✓✓Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Provides
gastroprotection, platelet aggregation, fluid/electrolyte balance
• COX2 -✓✓Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Responsible for
pain, fever, renal protection, tissue repair, reproduction development.
, • COX2 inhibitors- clinical implications -✓✓Protect gastric mucosa-
prevent ulcers and bleeding. Removed from market r/t cardiac events
except for Celebrex. Can impair renal function , monitor labs.
• Arachidonic pathway purpose -✓✓Synthesis of prostaglandins
• Non-selective NSAIDS -✓✓Inhibit COX1 and COX2, risk for gastric
ulceration, GI bleeds, edema, renal impairment
• ASA -✓✓Blocks COX1 and COX2, also inhibits Thromboxane A2
and prostaglandins
• Corticosteroids -✓✓Inhibit phospholipase A2, preventing formation of
prostaglandins, thromboxane A2, prostacyclin, and leukotrines
• Thromboxane -✓✓Vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation
• Prostacyclin -✓✓Vasodilation, platelet aggregation (most effective
one)
• Type 1 hypersensitivity -✓✓E. Immediate response to allergen, food,
meds, pollen, asthma, allergic reactions
P. IgE binds with antigen at 1st exposure. Antigen binds with this
complex at 2nd exposure. Inflammatory cascade initiates.
C.M. Urticaria, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, angioedema, anaphylaxis
• Atopic disorders -✓✓Genetic Type 1 hypersensitivity, asthma, hay
fever, eczema, urticaria
• Type 2 hypersensitivity -✓✓E. Antibodies directed against fixed
antigens on the plasma membrane of cells
C.M. Varies depending on alloimmune or autoimmune
