Clinical Assessment Glossary (RRT, clinical
simulation, Respiratory, Glossary, CSE, Clinical
Assessment)– Questions & Solutions
Save
Terms in this set (319)
Acid-Fast Bacillus (AFB) Staining (Ziehl Used in diagnosis of Tuberculosis, tuberculous
- Neelsen) infections and leprosy. Organisms will appear red
against a blue background when stained by this
method. Usually takes 2 -3 weeks to culture tubercle
bacilli; results of the AFB stain can indicate the need
for the immediate initiation of therapy.
Airway Resistance (Raw) Estimated by determining the difference between
peak airway pressure and plateau pressure. Used to
determine the amount of pressure support necessary
to overcome airway resistance. Most accurately
measured by placing the patient in a body
plethysmography in the PFT lab.
A measure of the impedance to airflow through the
bronchopulmonary system. It is the reciprocal of
airway conductance.
Raw = Change in Pressure/ Flow = cm H2O/ L/sec
Normal: 1.0 - 2.0 cm H2O/L/sec
,Albumin Normal value 3.5-5.0
Important in maintaining osmotic pressure of the
blood and has a primary role in lipid metabolism.
Decreased levels are seen in protein malnutrition and
severe liver disease. Chronic inflammation, severe
acute disease and kidney disease lead to low
albumin levels. Severe hypoalbuminemia may result
in a loss of fluid from the vascular space and
contribute to pulmonary edema.
Angiogram Serial roentgenograms (X-rays) of blood vessels
taken in rapid sequence following injection of a radio
opaque substance into a vessel.
Used to define the size, shape, and patency of veins
and arteries. Can evaluate blood flow to the brain,
heart, lungs, kidneys or liver.
Anion Gap Normal range: 8 - 18 mEq/L
Formula: (Na+) - (Cl- + HCO3-)
Used to identify the cause of metabolic acidosis.
Loss of base results in a normal anion while the gain
of fixed acids (lactic acidosis) results in an elevated
anion gap. Is alos affected by serum albumin levels
(rising when albumin does and vice versa)
Ascorbic Acid Level Determination of the amount of ascorbic acid
(vitamin c) in the blood
Apgar Score System of scoring a newborn's condition at 1 minute
and 5 mins after birth. HR, RR, muscle tone, reflex
irritability & color are assigned a point value between
zero & 2.
7 - 10 score indicate that the infant is stable.
6 - 4 score indicate stimulation, warmth, O2
administration & assist in ventilation.
0 - 3 score require immediate resuscitation.
,Babinski Reflex A neuro test used to evaluate the brainstem and
spinal cord function. Performed by stroking the sole
of the foot and observing the reaction of the toes.
dorsiflexion of the toes in response to this stimulus is
be helpful in stable, but unconscious patients.
Normal in child, indicated neuro problem in adult
Basal Metabolic Rate The rate at which energy is produced according to
how much is available. Also referred to as (BEE) Basal
Energy Expenditure or (MEE) Minimal Energy
Expenditure. Determined through direct or indirect
calorimetry. A time consuming test, but may be
helpful in determining a patient's nutritional needs.
Basal Metabolic Panel (BMP) Blood test that includes assessment of glucose,
electrolytes, fluid levels and kidney function. This
panel measures sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride,
carbon dioxide, glucose, urea nitrogen and
creatinine.
BCG vaccine A vaccine (bacilli Calmette-Guerin) used against TB.
Once a pt receives this vaccine, they will have a
positive skin test for TB. An organism of the strain
Mycobacterium bovis is in the vaccine.
Bilirubin Level Bilirubin is the orange-yellow pigment of bile, formed
by the breakdown of hemoglobin. Used as an
indication of liver function. pt appears jaundice.
Norma level: 0.1 to 1.0 mg/dL
, Blood Alcohol Level Measurement of the amt of alcohol present in the pt's
blood. Blood alcohol isn't always actually measured;
it may also be estimated from the amt present in
expired air (breathalyzer).
50 mg/dL = sedation or tranquility
< 80 mg/dL = legal driving level
50 - 150 mg/dL = lack of coordination
140 - 200 mg/dL = unconsciousness
> 400 mg/dL = may be fatal
Blood Digoxin Level Digoxin is an inotropic agent used to increase
cardiac contractility in pts with CHF.Toxicity may
result in diarrhea, nausea, arrhythmias (PVC) and ECg
changes in T waves.
0.9 - 2.0 ng/mL = Therapeutic blood level
> 3.0 ng/mL = potentially toxic blood level
Blood Glucose Level A blood test important in the evaluation of stable
infants and patients with suspected diabetes.
Normal levels:
Preterm = 20 - 30 mg/100 mL
Term = > 30 mg/100 mL
Adults = 80 -120 mg/ 100 mL
Blood Magnesium Level Normal level: 1.5 - 2.5 mEq/L
Deficiency may be present in pts with chronic
diarrhea or diseases that interfere with food
absorption
Blood Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) Secreted by the cardiac muscle when heart failure or
worsens. BNP levels useful to determine if the
patient's symptoms are the result of CHP or another
condition, such as COPD
simulation, Respiratory, Glossary, CSE, Clinical
Assessment)– Questions & Solutions
Save
Terms in this set (319)
Acid-Fast Bacillus (AFB) Staining (Ziehl Used in diagnosis of Tuberculosis, tuberculous
- Neelsen) infections and leprosy. Organisms will appear red
against a blue background when stained by this
method. Usually takes 2 -3 weeks to culture tubercle
bacilli; results of the AFB stain can indicate the need
for the immediate initiation of therapy.
Airway Resistance (Raw) Estimated by determining the difference between
peak airway pressure and plateau pressure. Used to
determine the amount of pressure support necessary
to overcome airway resistance. Most accurately
measured by placing the patient in a body
plethysmography in the PFT lab.
A measure of the impedance to airflow through the
bronchopulmonary system. It is the reciprocal of
airway conductance.
Raw = Change in Pressure/ Flow = cm H2O/ L/sec
Normal: 1.0 - 2.0 cm H2O/L/sec
,Albumin Normal value 3.5-5.0
Important in maintaining osmotic pressure of the
blood and has a primary role in lipid metabolism.
Decreased levels are seen in protein malnutrition and
severe liver disease. Chronic inflammation, severe
acute disease and kidney disease lead to low
albumin levels. Severe hypoalbuminemia may result
in a loss of fluid from the vascular space and
contribute to pulmonary edema.
Angiogram Serial roentgenograms (X-rays) of blood vessels
taken in rapid sequence following injection of a radio
opaque substance into a vessel.
Used to define the size, shape, and patency of veins
and arteries. Can evaluate blood flow to the brain,
heart, lungs, kidneys or liver.
Anion Gap Normal range: 8 - 18 mEq/L
Formula: (Na+) - (Cl- + HCO3-)
Used to identify the cause of metabolic acidosis.
Loss of base results in a normal anion while the gain
of fixed acids (lactic acidosis) results in an elevated
anion gap. Is alos affected by serum albumin levels
(rising when albumin does and vice versa)
Ascorbic Acid Level Determination of the amount of ascorbic acid
(vitamin c) in the blood
Apgar Score System of scoring a newborn's condition at 1 minute
and 5 mins after birth. HR, RR, muscle tone, reflex
irritability & color are assigned a point value between
zero & 2.
7 - 10 score indicate that the infant is stable.
6 - 4 score indicate stimulation, warmth, O2
administration & assist in ventilation.
0 - 3 score require immediate resuscitation.
,Babinski Reflex A neuro test used to evaluate the brainstem and
spinal cord function. Performed by stroking the sole
of the foot and observing the reaction of the toes.
dorsiflexion of the toes in response to this stimulus is
be helpful in stable, but unconscious patients.
Normal in child, indicated neuro problem in adult
Basal Metabolic Rate The rate at which energy is produced according to
how much is available. Also referred to as (BEE) Basal
Energy Expenditure or (MEE) Minimal Energy
Expenditure. Determined through direct or indirect
calorimetry. A time consuming test, but may be
helpful in determining a patient's nutritional needs.
Basal Metabolic Panel (BMP) Blood test that includes assessment of glucose,
electrolytes, fluid levels and kidney function. This
panel measures sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride,
carbon dioxide, glucose, urea nitrogen and
creatinine.
BCG vaccine A vaccine (bacilli Calmette-Guerin) used against TB.
Once a pt receives this vaccine, they will have a
positive skin test for TB. An organism of the strain
Mycobacterium bovis is in the vaccine.
Bilirubin Level Bilirubin is the orange-yellow pigment of bile, formed
by the breakdown of hemoglobin. Used as an
indication of liver function. pt appears jaundice.
Norma level: 0.1 to 1.0 mg/dL
, Blood Alcohol Level Measurement of the amt of alcohol present in the pt's
blood. Blood alcohol isn't always actually measured;
it may also be estimated from the amt present in
expired air (breathalyzer).
50 mg/dL = sedation or tranquility
< 80 mg/dL = legal driving level
50 - 150 mg/dL = lack of coordination
140 - 200 mg/dL = unconsciousness
> 400 mg/dL = may be fatal
Blood Digoxin Level Digoxin is an inotropic agent used to increase
cardiac contractility in pts with CHF.Toxicity may
result in diarrhea, nausea, arrhythmias (PVC) and ECg
changes in T waves.
0.9 - 2.0 ng/mL = Therapeutic blood level
> 3.0 ng/mL = potentially toxic blood level
Blood Glucose Level A blood test important in the evaluation of stable
infants and patients with suspected diabetes.
Normal levels:
Preterm = 20 - 30 mg/100 mL
Term = > 30 mg/100 mL
Adults = 80 -120 mg/ 100 mL
Blood Magnesium Level Normal level: 1.5 - 2.5 mEq/L
Deficiency may be present in pts with chronic
diarrhea or diseases that interfere with food
absorption
Blood Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) Secreted by the cardiac muscle when heart failure or
worsens. BNP levels useful to determine if the
patient's symptoms are the result of CHP or another
condition, such as COPD
