Edapt Pathophysiology Questions Week 1-4
With Complete Solutions
Characteristics of Systolic HF: | | |
A. Heart failure with ejection fraction ≥ 50%
| | | | | | |
B. Heart failure with ejection fraction ≤ 40%
| | | | | | |
C. Pulmonary congestion without cardiomegaly on chest X-ray
| | | | | | |
D. Pulmonary congestion with cardiomegaly on chest X-ray
| | | | | | |
E. Increased size of left ventricle
| | | | |
F. Decreased size of left ventricle
| | | | |
G. S3 gallop
| |
H. S4 gallop
| |
B, D, E, G
| | |
In a primary care office, a nurse practitioner (NP) assesses a client who reports
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
taking a new medication 30 minutes before arrival. The NP is concerned that the
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
client may be having a hypersensitivity reaction. Which clinical manifestations
| | | | | | | | | |
should the NP expect | | |
Hypertension
Wheezing
Bradycardia
Diaphoresis
Urticaria
,Vomiting
Urticaria, wheezing, vomiting, and diaphoresis
| | | |
Immediate hypersensitivity is mediated by IgE antibodies, which result in an
| | | | | | | | | | |
allergy, anaphylaxis, or atopic disease. The NP should expect the client to have a
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
type 1 hypersensitivity to recent medication use, which can include these
| | | | | | | | | | |
immediate reactions as clinical manifestations: urticaria, wheezing, vomiting, and
| | | | | | | | |
diaphoresis.
Hypertension and bradycardia are not associated with immediate hypersensitivity
| | | | | | | |
reactions.
|
____________ are the primary effector cells and responsible for initiating and
| | | | | | | | | | |
mediating _____________ hypersensitivity.
| |
Eosinophils, Neutrophils, Mast cells, or T-cells
| | | | |
Type 1, 2, 3, or 4
| | | | |
Mast cells are the primary effector cells and responsible for initiating and
| | | | | | | | | | | |
mediating type 1 hypersensitivity reactions.
| | | |
Characterized by the rapid release of proinflammatory mediators like histamine,
| | | | | | | | | |
leukotrienes, and cytokines in response to allergen exposure, mast cells are the
| | | | | | | | | | | |
primary effector cells responsible for initiating and mediating type 1
| | | | | | | | | |
hypersensitivity reactions. |
____________ hypersensitivity reactions involve the formation of _____________
| | | | | | |
|that can deposit in tissues, leading to complement activation, inflammation, and
| | | | | | | | | | |
tissue destruction.
|
,Type 1, 2, 3, or 4
| | | | |
IgE, IgM, IgG, immune complexes
| | | |
Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions involve the formation of immune complexes that
| | | | | | | | | |
|can deposit in tissues, leading to complement activation, inflammation, and
| | | | | | | | | |
tissue destruction. |
Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions involve the formation of immune complexes that
| | | | | | | | | |
can deposit in tissues, leading to complement activation and inflammation. This
| | | | | | | | | | | |
process can cause tissue damage and is associated with systemic lupus
| | | | | | | | | | |
erythematosus (SLE) and serum sickness. | | | | |
Type 1 reactions are mediated by IgE antibodies, and type 2 are mediated by IgG
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
or IgM antibodies. Type 4 reactions are activated by T-helper cells.
| | | | | | | | | |
Highlight the finding(s) the nurse practitioner (NP) recognizes as risk factors that
| | | | | | | | | | | |
may contribute to the client's new diagnosis of allergic rhinitis. Select all that
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
apply.
Camille Rutherford, 45-years-old
| |
Chief Complaint: red, dry, itchy skin on arms and legs, shortness of breath,
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
wheezing, and cough | |
Medical History: presents with a nonproductive cough, expiratory wheezing, and
| | | | | | | | | |
shortness of breath upon exertion; reports a gradual onset of these symptoms
| | | | | | | | | | | |
and mentioned that they have been progressively worsening when walking their
| | | | | | | | | | |
dog outside
|
Past Medical History: eczema, hypertension
| | | |
Social History: lives at home with daughter and their dog
| | | | | | | | |
, cough, wheezing, SOB, gradual onset, outside, eczema, dog
| | | | | | |
Allergic rhinitis attacks are related to ongoing exposure to specific offending
| | | | | | | | | | |
agents. The strongest risk factor for developing asthma is a history of atopic
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
disease (the client has eczema, a form of atopic dermatitis). Environmental
| | | | | | | | | | |
factors and allergens—such as high humidity, cold, dry weather, house dust mites,
| | | | | | | | | | |
|pet fur, and pollen—can place a client at risk for a new diagnosis of allergic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
asthma.
With prior exposure to allergens, Camille was sensitized. Chronic exposure to
| | | | | | | | | | |
allergens mediated IgE antibodies to attach to sensitized cells, and with further
| | | | | | | | | | | |
exposure, IgE caused sensitized cells to degranulate. When degranulation occurs,
| | | | | | | | | |
inflammatory mediators like histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins are
| | | | | | | |
released to produce several effects on the body, such as shortness of breath and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
wheezing. Constriction of bronchial smooth muscle also occurs, which explains
| | | | | | | | | |
her respiratory symptoms: shortness of breath, cough, and wheezing. The NP can
| | | | | | | | | | | |
diagnose the client with a type I hypersensitivity reaction based on localized and
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
systemic symptoms. | |
The client's age and history of hypertension are not risk factors.
| | | | | | | | | |
A 25-year-old presents to the emergency department (ED) with symptoms of
| | | | | | | | | | |
ongoing weight loss, rapid heart rate, bilateral neck swelling, and hand tremors.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Family medical history reveals a history of thyroid disorders. Physical examination
| | | | | | | | | | |
and laboratory tests confirm the diagnosis of Graves' disease. Which mechanism
| | | | | | | | | | |
below best explains the pathophysiology of Graves' disease?
| | | | | | |
A. Delayed-type hypersensitivity response in the thyroid gland
| | | | | | |
B. Activation of complement proteins leading to tissue damage
| | | | | | | |
C. Production of autoantibodies targeting the thyroid-stimulating hormone
| | | | | | | |
receptor
With Complete Solutions
Characteristics of Systolic HF: | | |
A. Heart failure with ejection fraction ≥ 50%
| | | | | | |
B. Heart failure with ejection fraction ≤ 40%
| | | | | | |
C. Pulmonary congestion without cardiomegaly on chest X-ray
| | | | | | |
D. Pulmonary congestion with cardiomegaly on chest X-ray
| | | | | | |
E. Increased size of left ventricle
| | | | |
F. Decreased size of left ventricle
| | | | |
G. S3 gallop
| |
H. S4 gallop
| |
B, D, E, G
| | |
In a primary care office, a nurse practitioner (NP) assesses a client who reports
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
taking a new medication 30 minutes before arrival. The NP is concerned that the
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
client may be having a hypersensitivity reaction. Which clinical manifestations
| | | | | | | | | |
should the NP expect | | |
Hypertension
Wheezing
Bradycardia
Diaphoresis
Urticaria
,Vomiting
Urticaria, wheezing, vomiting, and diaphoresis
| | | |
Immediate hypersensitivity is mediated by IgE antibodies, which result in an
| | | | | | | | | | |
allergy, anaphylaxis, or atopic disease. The NP should expect the client to have a
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
type 1 hypersensitivity to recent medication use, which can include these
| | | | | | | | | | |
immediate reactions as clinical manifestations: urticaria, wheezing, vomiting, and
| | | | | | | | |
diaphoresis.
Hypertension and bradycardia are not associated with immediate hypersensitivity
| | | | | | | |
reactions.
|
____________ are the primary effector cells and responsible for initiating and
| | | | | | | | | | |
mediating _____________ hypersensitivity.
| |
Eosinophils, Neutrophils, Mast cells, or T-cells
| | | | |
Type 1, 2, 3, or 4
| | | | |
Mast cells are the primary effector cells and responsible for initiating and
| | | | | | | | | | | |
mediating type 1 hypersensitivity reactions.
| | | |
Characterized by the rapid release of proinflammatory mediators like histamine,
| | | | | | | | | |
leukotrienes, and cytokines in response to allergen exposure, mast cells are the
| | | | | | | | | | | |
primary effector cells responsible for initiating and mediating type 1
| | | | | | | | | |
hypersensitivity reactions. |
____________ hypersensitivity reactions involve the formation of _____________
| | | | | | |
|that can deposit in tissues, leading to complement activation, inflammation, and
| | | | | | | | | | |
tissue destruction.
|
,Type 1, 2, 3, or 4
| | | | |
IgE, IgM, IgG, immune complexes
| | | |
Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions involve the formation of immune complexes that
| | | | | | | | | |
|can deposit in tissues, leading to complement activation, inflammation, and
| | | | | | | | | |
tissue destruction. |
Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions involve the formation of immune complexes that
| | | | | | | | | |
can deposit in tissues, leading to complement activation and inflammation. This
| | | | | | | | | | | |
process can cause tissue damage and is associated with systemic lupus
| | | | | | | | | | |
erythematosus (SLE) and serum sickness. | | | | |
Type 1 reactions are mediated by IgE antibodies, and type 2 are mediated by IgG
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
or IgM antibodies. Type 4 reactions are activated by T-helper cells.
| | | | | | | | | |
Highlight the finding(s) the nurse practitioner (NP) recognizes as risk factors that
| | | | | | | | | | | |
may contribute to the client's new diagnosis of allergic rhinitis. Select all that
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
apply.
Camille Rutherford, 45-years-old
| |
Chief Complaint: red, dry, itchy skin on arms and legs, shortness of breath,
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
wheezing, and cough | |
Medical History: presents with a nonproductive cough, expiratory wheezing, and
| | | | | | | | | |
shortness of breath upon exertion; reports a gradual onset of these symptoms
| | | | | | | | | | | |
and mentioned that they have been progressively worsening when walking their
| | | | | | | | | | |
dog outside
|
Past Medical History: eczema, hypertension
| | | |
Social History: lives at home with daughter and their dog
| | | | | | | | |
, cough, wheezing, SOB, gradual onset, outside, eczema, dog
| | | | | | |
Allergic rhinitis attacks are related to ongoing exposure to specific offending
| | | | | | | | | | |
agents. The strongest risk factor for developing asthma is a history of atopic
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
disease (the client has eczema, a form of atopic dermatitis). Environmental
| | | | | | | | | | |
factors and allergens—such as high humidity, cold, dry weather, house dust mites,
| | | | | | | | | | |
|pet fur, and pollen—can place a client at risk for a new diagnosis of allergic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
asthma.
With prior exposure to allergens, Camille was sensitized. Chronic exposure to
| | | | | | | | | | |
allergens mediated IgE antibodies to attach to sensitized cells, and with further
| | | | | | | | | | | |
exposure, IgE caused sensitized cells to degranulate. When degranulation occurs,
| | | | | | | | | |
inflammatory mediators like histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins are
| | | | | | | |
released to produce several effects on the body, such as shortness of breath and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
wheezing. Constriction of bronchial smooth muscle also occurs, which explains
| | | | | | | | | |
her respiratory symptoms: shortness of breath, cough, and wheezing. The NP can
| | | | | | | | | | | |
diagnose the client with a type I hypersensitivity reaction based on localized and
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
systemic symptoms. | |
The client's age and history of hypertension are not risk factors.
| | | | | | | | | |
A 25-year-old presents to the emergency department (ED) with symptoms of
| | | | | | | | | | |
ongoing weight loss, rapid heart rate, bilateral neck swelling, and hand tremors.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Family medical history reveals a history of thyroid disorders. Physical examination
| | | | | | | | | | |
and laboratory tests confirm the diagnosis of Graves' disease. Which mechanism
| | | | | | | | | | |
below best explains the pathophysiology of Graves' disease?
| | | | | | |
A. Delayed-type hypersensitivity response in the thyroid gland
| | | | | | |
B. Activation of complement proteins leading to tissue damage
| | | | | | | |
C. Production of autoantibodies targeting the thyroid-stimulating hormone
| | | | | | | |
receptor
