Cardiac Exam Medsurg 2 – Questions With
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Terms in this set (196)
Chest trauma Chest Trauma = injury to chest wall
1. Blunt Trauma
-Sudden Compression to Chest Wall
-MVA most common
2. Penetrating Trauma:
-Foreign object penetrates the chest wall
-Gunshot and Stab Wounds: very important to find
exit wound
3. Pneumothorax/Hemothorax (as a result of blunt or
penetrating trauma)
-Collection of Air (pneumothorax) in pleural space
-Loss of negative intrapleural pressure
Types of pneumothorax
-Simple
-Traumatic Pneumothorax = Open pneumothorax
(sucking chest wound)
-Tension Pneumothorax
-Blood (hemothorax) in pleural space
looking for signs and symptoms of injury to heart
-torn aorta
,Resulting injury: blunt trauma Ruptured Descending Aorta (the arch or any great
vessel disruption)
Ruptured innominate artery
Cardiac Contusion
Cardiac puncture
Rare but does happen: Esophageal rupture
Sternal fracture
Rib fractures
Hemo/pneumothorax
surgery is usually done
-could be just placing a chest tube
-or a full on cracked chest and trying to control
bleeding
Flail chest unstable section moves opposite of normal function
inspiration
-normal: chest wall expands
-flail: area contracts and pulled into chest
expiration
-normal: chest wall contracts
-flail: area expands out
,Penetrating chest trauma do not pull it out
monitor and observe pt
monitor Chest tubes after
monitor for cardiac tamp
monitor for pneumo/hemothorax
might have to give blood
prepping pt for surgery
Structure of heart RA thru tricuspid to RV
RV thru pulmonic valve to pulm arteries
Pulm arteries to lungs to pulmonary veins
pulm veins to LA
LA thru bicuspid/mitral valve to LV
LV thru aortic valve to aorta and out to body
, coronary arteries Left main is widowmaker: feeds LV
-clot in here will cease blood flow to LV
circumflex goes around back of heart
very oxygen rich blood
coronary artery circulation LMCA (Left Main Coronary Artery)
Divides into:
1. Left Anterior Descending (LAD)
-Anterior Wall Left Ventricle
-Ventricular Septum
-Bundle Branches (Bundle of His, R bundle branch,
anterior division of L bundle): will affect some
electrical activity (lack of blood flow especially)
2. Left Circumflex
-Wraps around posterior wall heart
-SA node (45% of population)
-AV node (10% of population)
-Left Atrium
-Lateral Wall Left Ventricle
-Posterior Wall Left Ventricle
coronary artery circulation 2 RCA
-Right Atrium
-Right Ventricle
-Inferior Wall Left Ventricle
-SA Node (55% of population)
-AV node (90% of population)
-Bundle of His
-Posterior division of left bundle
can affect electrical activity as well bc bundle of his
-rhythm disturbances
Applicable Solutions
Save
Terms in this set (196)
Chest trauma Chest Trauma = injury to chest wall
1. Blunt Trauma
-Sudden Compression to Chest Wall
-MVA most common
2. Penetrating Trauma:
-Foreign object penetrates the chest wall
-Gunshot and Stab Wounds: very important to find
exit wound
3. Pneumothorax/Hemothorax (as a result of blunt or
penetrating trauma)
-Collection of Air (pneumothorax) in pleural space
-Loss of negative intrapleural pressure
Types of pneumothorax
-Simple
-Traumatic Pneumothorax = Open pneumothorax
(sucking chest wound)
-Tension Pneumothorax
-Blood (hemothorax) in pleural space
looking for signs and symptoms of injury to heart
-torn aorta
,Resulting injury: blunt trauma Ruptured Descending Aorta (the arch or any great
vessel disruption)
Ruptured innominate artery
Cardiac Contusion
Cardiac puncture
Rare but does happen: Esophageal rupture
Sternal fracture
Rib fractures
Hemo/pneumothorax
surgery is usually done
-could be just placing a chest tube
-or a full on cracked chest and trying to control
bleeding
Flail chest unstable section moves opposite of normal function
inspiration
-normal: chest wall expands
-flail: area contracts and pulled into chest
expiration
-normal: chest wall contracts
-flail: area expands out
,Penetrating chest trauma do not pull it out
monitor and observe pt
monitor Chest tubes after
monitor for cardiac tamp
monitor for pneumo/hemothorax
might have to give blood
prepping pt for surgery
Structure of heart RA thru tricuspid to RV
RV thru pulmonic valve to pulm arteries
Pulm arteries to lungs to pulmonary veins
pulm veins to LA
LA thru bicuspid/mitral valve to LV
LV thru aortic valve to aorta and out to body
, coronary arteries Left main is widowmaker: feeds LV
-clot in here will cease blood flow to LV
circumflex goes around back of heart
very oxygen rich blood
coronary artery circulation LMCA (Left Main Coronary Artery)
Divides into:
1. Left Anterior Descending (LAD)
-Anterior Wall Left Ventricle
-Ventricular Septum
-Bundle Branches (Bundle of His, R bundle branch,
anterior division of L bundle): will affect some
electrical activity (lack of blood flow especially)
2. Left Circumflex
-Wraps around posterior wall heart
-SA node (45% of population)
-AV node (10% of population)
-Left Atrium
-Lateral Wall Left Ventricle
-Posterior Wall Left Ventricle
coronary artery circulation 2 RCA
-Right Atrium
-Right Ventricle
-Inferior Wall Left Ventricle
-SA Node (55% of population)
-AV node (90% of population)
-Bundle of His
-Posterior division of left bundle
can affect electrical activity as well bc bundle of his
-rhythm disturbances
