Chemistry 109: Exam 1 Questions With All Complete And Verified Solutions.

how to find density? - correct answers d = m(mass)/v(volume) kg/m^3 how to find volume? - correct answers v = mass/density how to find mass? - correct answers m = volume * density SI metric: length - correct answers meters SI metric: temperature - correct answers Kelvin SI metric: time - correct answers seconds SI metric: mass - correct answers kilograms Mega (M) mean? - correct answers 1 x 10^6 1,000,000 Kilo (k) mean? - correct answers 1 x 10^3 1,000 Deci (d) - correct answers 1 x 10^-1 0.1 Centi (c) mean? - correct answers 1 x 10^-2 0.01 Milli (m) mean? - correct answers 1 x 10^-3 0.001 Micro (μ or mc) mean? - correct answers 1 x 10^-6 0.000001 Nano (n) mean? - correct answers 1 x 10^-9 0. Pico (p) mean? - correct answers 1 x 10^-12 0.000 How to find Kelvin? - correct answers K = °C + 273.15 How to find Celsius? - correct answers °C = 5/9(°F - 32) °C = K - 273.15 How to find Fahrenheit? - correct answers °F = 9/5(°C) + 32 3 states of matter? - correct answers Solid Liquid Gas What is a substance? - correct answers -specific instance of matter (air, sand, water) -pure substance Pure substance? - correct answers -element (carbon) -compound (H2O) Mixtures? - correct answers -2 or more instance of matter to make 1 sample -2 types: homogeneous & heterogeneous heterogeneous mixture - correct answers -2 separate compositions Homogeneous mixture - correct answers -uniform compositions Matter - correct answers -anything that takes up space and has a mass Physical Change - correct answers -substance displays but doesn't change its composition physical properties - correct answers density color intensity particle size melting/freezing point boiling point texture examples of physical change - correct answers crushing a can melting an ice cube boiling water mixing sand and water breaking a glass dissolving sugar and water shredding paper chopping wood Chemical Change - correct answers Substance displays only by changing its composition examples of chemical changes - correct answers burning wood souring milk mixing acid and base digesting food cooking an egg heating sugar to form caramel rusting iron dry ice: physical or chemical? - correct answers physical sugar dissolving: chemical or physical? - correct answers physical propane burning: chemical or physical? - correct answers chemical Potential energy - correct answers energy NOT in motion Kinetic energy - correct answers energy IN motion Thermal energy - correct answers -a form of kinetic energy -temperature Energy - correct answers capacity to do work Work - correct answers action of force through distance mass - correct answers -measure of quantity of matter -same on Earth and moon weight - correct answers -force that gravity exerts on an object -Not the same on Earth and moon Law of conservation of energy - correct answers energy can not be created or destroyed derived unit - correct answers combination of other units 1 pound = what in grams? - correct answers 453.6 grams 1 mile = what in kilometers? - correct answers 1.609 kilometers 1 in = what in cm? - correct answers 2.54 cm 3.8 liters = what in gallons? - correct answers 1 gallon scientific notation - correct answers number of atoms in 12 grams of carbon Intensive property - correct answers DO NOT depend on how much matter is considered (density, color, melting point) Extensive property - correct answers DOES depend on how much matter is considered (mass, volume) reliability of a measurement - correct answers -last digit is estimated example: 5.123 (5.12-certain, 3-estimated) Significant figures - correct answers -any digit that isn't a zero -zeros between non-zeros -zeros to the left are not sig figs -trailing zeros with a decimal Sig Fig (addition and Subtraction) - correct answers answer cannot have more digits to the right of the decimal point than any of the original numbers Sig Fig (multiplication and division) - correct answers number of sig figs in result is set by the original number that has the smallest number of sig figs precision - correct answers how close a series of measurement are to each other or how reproducible they are Accuracy - correct answers how close the measured values is to the actual value dimensional analysis - correct answers -unit factor: anything divided by itself = 1 -conservation factor -put the 1 with the prefix & its meaning with the base density= - correct answers mass (g) / Volume (mL) 1 mL= - correct answers 1 cm^3 H - correct answers Hydrogen Li - correct answers Lithium Na - correct answers Sodium K - correct answers Potassium B - correct answers Boron Ag - correct answers Silver Au - correct answers gold Hg - correct answers Mercury F - correct answers Fluorine Si - correct answers Silicon P - correct answers Phosphorus S - correct answers Sulfur As - correct answers Arsenic Se - correct answers Selenium Cl - correct answers Clorine Br - correct answers Bromine I - correct answers Iodine He - correct answers Helium Ne - correct answers neon Ar - correct answers Argon Kr - correct answers kryton Pt - correct answers Platinum 1st Law of thermodynamics - correct answers the energy of the universe is conserved Atomic number= - correct answers number of protons Mass number= - correct answers number of protons plus number of neutrons atoms have what kind of charge? - correct answers NO Charge ion have what kins of charge? - correct answers have 2 types cations and anions cations - correct answers postive anions - correct answers negative Two or more atoms combining make a.... - correct answers molecule a compound is.... - correct answers a type of molecule that is made up of two or more elements hypthesis - correct answers is a potential explanation for a single or small number of observations hypothesis can be proven - correct answers wrong for a hypothesis to be considered scientific it must be - correct answers testable and in principle capable of being wrong Data never proves a hypothesis to be correct it ONLY - correct answers supports a hypothesis theory - correct answers an unifying explanation of a scientific phenomena. A synthesis of a large body of info that encompasses well-tested hypotheses about a certain aspects of the natural world A good theory is - correct answers falsifiable Fact - correct answers a phenomenon about which competent observers can agree. There are 5 trees in the backyard. Law - correct answers a general hypothesis or statement about the relationship of natural quantities that has been tested over and over again and has not been contradicted Law can be written as a - correct answers mathematical relationship or statement matter - correct answers can be a pure substance or mixture depending on compostion when matter has NO variable composition it is a - correct answers pure substance when matter DOES have variable composition its a - correct answers mixture pure substances are - correct answers made of one type of particle. Elements or compounds mixtures are - correct answers made of multiple types of particles. Heterogeneous or homomgeneous elements are - correct answers made up of one type of atom. can combine together to make compounds compounds are - correct answers made of one type of molecule. units contain 2 or more different kinds of atoms carbon dioxide (that we exhale) - correct answers compound and molecule helium - correct answers element O2 - correct answers oxide N2 - correct answers molecule of nitrogen Cl2 - correct answers chlorine Br2 - correct answers bromine homogeneous mixture - correct answers same throughout the sample examples of homogeneous mixtures: - correct answers air bronze sweet tea heterogeneous mixture - correct answers composition varies throughout the sample examples of heterogeneous mixtures: - correct answers forest floor Yahoo! chocolate milk matter has - correct answers mass and occupies space has volume consist of atoms and molecules in motion solids - correct answers ridged shape and fixed volume in-compressible crystalline or Amorphous liquids - correct answers have volume but no fixed shape. Shape is defined by container. Incompressible gases - correct answers volume is defined their container and they expand to fill their container. compressible movement is unrestricted in their container length= - correct answers meter mass= - correct answers kilogram time= - correct answers second temperature= - correct answers kelvin amount of substance - correct answers mole atom - correct answers is the smallest part of an element An atom is made up of 3 subatomic particles... - correct answers electron, proton and neutron electron - correct answers located outside the nucleus. has a negative charge proton - correct answers located in the nucleus of the atom. has positive charge neutron - correct answers located in the nucleus of the atom. has no charge electron cloud - correct answers a space occupied by the electrons two kinds of charges... - correct answers positive and negative opposite charges - correct answers attract like charges - correct answers repel to be neutral something must have - correct answers no charge or equal amounts of opposite charges atomic mass unit - correct answers amu amu - correct answers is used when discussing atoms a proton and neutron both weigh - correct answers 1 amu the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is called the - correct answers atomic number the elements are arranged on the periodic table in order of - correct answers atomic number groups are - correct answers vertical period are - correct answers horizontal isotopes - correct answers are elements whose atoms differ in mass due to varying number of neutrons. Are the same element because they have the same number of protons. are chemically identical isotopes are identifed by their - correct answers mass number What's the connection between an element's isotopes and its atomic mass - correct answers the observed mass of an element is a weighted average of the weights of all the naturally occurring atoms metals lose - correct answers electrons and become cations nonmetals gain - correct answers electrons and become anions CH4 - correct answers methane C2H6 - correct answers ethane C3H8 - correct answers propane Lif - correct answers Lithium floride CuO - correct answers Copper (2) oxide Mg(NO3)2 - correct answers magnesium nitrate NH4Cl - correct answers ammonium chloride OH- - correct answers Hydroxide NO3- - correct answers Nitrate ClO3- - correct answers Chlorate CO3-2 - correct answers Carbonate SO4-2 - correct answers Sulfate