NP2 Theory Exam 4 (CARDIAC) – Questions With
Complete Solutions
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Terms in this set (204)
Why do people say "cut salt for blood Excessive sodium intake increases the blood
pressure" ? pressure.
How does sodium affect blood Sodium promotes fluid retention which increases
pressure? blood volume.
Sodium ions disrupt the ____-____ ____ ____ renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
balance, leading to vasoconstriction
and increased arterial pressure .
Long-term high levels of sodium can Vascular stiffness which contributes to hypertension
lead to ?
What are the ranges for blood Normal: Less than 120/80 Elevated: 120-129/80
pressure ? Stage 1 HTN: 130-139/80-89
Stage 2 HTN: >140/90
HTN CRISIS: >180/120
____ is when the ventricles are at rest diastolic
and fill with blood from the aorta.
_____ is when the ventricles contract Systolic
and push blood into the circulation.
What body systems or organs play a Autonomic nervous system
role in blood pressure regulation? Kidneys
Endocrine system
Baroreceptors
,True or false, sleep, nutrition, drugs, True
exercise and disease processes are
factors that affect blood pressure.
Dilated ventricles refer to what Heart failure
cardiovascular disease process?
Fatty deposits in the arteries, refer to coronary artery disease (CAD)
what cardiovascular disease process?
_____ is inflammation of the pericardium. Pericarditis
____ is known as thickening of the Cardiomyopathy
myocardium of the heart.
____ ____ are disorganized electrical Cardiac arrhythmias
signals of the heart.
____ ____ is a disease of the valves that Valve stenosis
prevents them from closing normally.
What is the blood flow of the heart Superior and inferior vena cava
and when does the blood become right atrium
oxygenated? tricuspid valve
right ventricle
pulmonary artery
lungs
oxygenation occurs
pulmonary veins
left atrium
mitral valve
left ventricle
aorta
body
An _____ records, all cardiac electrical Electrocardiogram (ECG)
activity, such as deep polarization and
re-polarization.
,_____ is the electrical impulse that Depolarization
activates the heart to contract.
_____ is when the heart muscle relaxes. Re-polarization
The ____ ____ on an electrocardiogram P wave
strip, represents atrial depolarization
or contraction
The ____ ____ on an electrocardiogram is PR interval
related to the rate of cardiac impulse
that is transmitted by the AV node.
The ____ ____ on an electric cardiogram QRS complex
strip, represents ventricular
depolarization or contraction.
This wave on an electrocardiogram T wave
represents ventricular re-polarization
or relaxation.
____ ____ on an electrocardiogram ST segment
represents ventricular depolarization
or contraction and occurs prior to the
start of ventricular polarization.
On an electrocardiogram, the ____ ____, QT interval
is the time for ventricular re-
polarization to complete.
What is the expected range for a 70-110
patients mean arterial pressure ?
A low mean arterial pressure (MAP) Inadequate blood flow to their organs
can indicate that your patient is
experiencing ?
, A patient who had a high mean Stroke or heart attack
arterial pressure is at an increased risk
for ?
The ____ _____ _____ is the average Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)
pressure in a patients arteries during
one cardiac cycle. This pressure
maintains tissue perfusion.
What is the formulae for MAP? Map = SBP + 2 ( DBP ) divided by 3
____ ____ is the amount of blood pump Cardiac Output (CO)
from left ventricle per minute.
What is the equation to calculate CO = HR x SV
cardiac output?
____ ____ is the volume of blood pumped Stroke Volume (SV)
out of the left ventricle of the heart
during each systolic cardiac
contraction.
What is preload? The amount of blood already in your ventricles when
you're ready to pump it out.
What is afterload? The pressure against which your heart has to pump
the blood from preload
Preload is usually ____ and Increased
hypervolemia and regurgitation of
cardiac valves
After load is usually ____ in Increased
hypertension and vasoconstriction.
Preload is the ____ ____ ____ End Diastole Pressure
Complete Solutions
Save
Terms in this set (204)
Why do people say "cut salt for blood Excessive sodium intake increases the blood
pressure" ? pressure.
How does sodium affect blood Sodium promotes fluid retention which increases
pressure? blood volume.
Sodium ions disrupt the ____-____ ____ ____ renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
balance, leading to vasoconstriction
and increased arterial pressure .
Long-term high levels of sodium can Vascular stiffness which contributes to hypertension
lead to ?
What are the ranges for blood Normal: Less than 120/80 Elevated: 120-129/80
pressure ? Stage 1 HTN: 130-139/80-89
Stage 2 HTN: >140/90
HTN CRISIS: >180/120
____ is when the ventricles are at rest diastolic
and fill with blood from the aorta.
_____ is when the ventricles contract Systolic
and push blood into the circulation.
What body systems or organs play a Autonomic nervous system
role in blood pressure regulation? Kidneys
Endocrine system
Baroreceptors
,True or false, sleep, nutrition, drugs, True
exercise and disease processes are
factors that affect blood pressure.
Dilated ventricles refer to what Heart failure
cardiovascular disease process?
Fatty deposits in the arteries, refer to coronary artery disease (CAD)
what cardiovascular disease process?
_____ is inflammation of the pericardium. Pericarditis
____ is known as thickening of the Cardiomyopathy
myocardium of the heart.
____ ____ are disorganized electrical Cardiac arrhythmias
signals of the heart.
____ ____ is a disease of the valves that Valve stenosis
prevents them from closing normally.
What is the blood flow of the heart Superior and inferior vena cava
and when does the blood become right atrium
oxygenated? tricuspid valve
right ventricle
pulmonary artery
lungs
oxygenation occurs
pulmonary veins
left atrium
mitral valve
left ventricle
aorta
body
An _____ records, all cardiac electrical Electrocardiogram (ECG)
activity, such as deep polarization and
re-polarization.
,_____ is the electrical impulse that Depolarization
activates the heart to contract.
_____ is when the heart muscle relaxes. Re-polarization
The ____ ____ on an electrocardiogram P wave
strip, represents atrial depolarization
or contraction
The ____ ____ on an electrocardiogram is PR interval
related to the rate of cardiac impulse
that is transmitted by the AV node.
The ____ ____ on an electric cardiogram QRS complex
strip, represents ventricular
depolarization or contraction.
This wave on an electrocardiogram T wave
represents ventricular re-polarization
or relaxation.
____ ____ on an electrocardiogram ST segment
represents ventricular depolarization
or contraction and occurs prior to the
start of ventricular polarization.
On an electrocardiogram, the ____ ____, QT interval
is the time for ventricular re-
polarization to complete.
What is the expected range for a 70-110
patients mean arterial pressure ?
A low mean arterial pressure (MAP) Inadequate blood flow to their organs
can indicate that your patient is
experiencing ?
, A patient who had a high mean Stroke or heart attack
arterial pressure is at an increased risk
for ?
The ____ _____ _____ is the average Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)
pressure in a patients arteries during
one cardiac cycle. This pressure
maintains tissue perfusion.
What is the formulae for MAP? Map = SBP + 2 ( DBP ) divided by 3
____ ____ is the amount of blood pump Cardiac Output (CO)
from left ventricle per minute.
What is the equation to calculate CO = HR x SV
cardiac output?
____ ____ is the volume of blood pumped Stroke Volume (SV)
out of the left ventricle of the heart
during each systolic cardiac
contraction.
What is preload? The amount of blood already in your ventricles when
you're ready to pump it out.
What is afterload? The pressure against which your heart has to pump
the blood from preload
Preload is usually ____ and Increased
hypervolemia and regurgitation of
cardiac valves
After load is usually ____ in Increased
hypertension and vasoconstriction.
Preload is the ____ ____ ____ End Diastole Pressure
