UNIT 7 MN566 CERTIFICATION SCRIPT 2026
TESTED QUESTIONS AND FULL SOLUTION
◉ A 68-year-old woman with a new onset of vascular dementia has
recently begun retaining urine. Which of the following physiological
phenomena would her care providers most realistically expect to be
currently occurring as a result of her urinary retention? Answer:
Hypertrophy of the bladder muscle and increased bladder wall
thickness
◉ A 4-year-old boy who has been deaf since birth and has bilateral
cataracts has been brought to the emergency department by his
mother because she noticed blood in the toilet after he last voided.
Urinalysis confirms heavy microscopic hematuria as well as
proteinuria. What will the care team's initial differential diagnosis
most likely be? Answer: Alport syndrome
◉ A 31-year-old patient with a diagnosis of end-stage liver failure
has been admitted to the intensive care unit of a hospital. Arterial
blood gas sampling indicates that the man has an acid-base
imbalance. Which of the following situations is most likely to result
in an inappropriate pH? Answer: Low albumin and plasma globulin
levels
,◉ Which of the following individuals are displaying identified risk
factors for the development of lower urinary tract obstruction?
Answer: A 68-year-old man who has been diagnosed with benign
prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
◉ A patient is brought to the emergency department with
complaints of shortness of breath. Assessment reveals a full,
bounding pulse, severe edema, and audible crackles in the lower
lung fields bilaterally. What is the patient's most likely diagnosis?
Answer: Fluid volume excess
◉ A 61-year-old woman who has had an upper respiratory infection
for several weeks has presented to her nurse practitioner with
complaints of a recent onset of urinary retention. She reveals to her
nurse practitioner that she has been taking over-the-counter cold
medications at higher than the suggested dose for the past two
weeks. Which of the following phenomena will her nurse
practitioner most likely suspect is contributing to her urinary
retention? Answer: The anticholinergic effects of the medication are
impairing normal bladder function.
◉ Following several days in an acidotic state, a hospital patient has
returned to the desired pH. Which of the following processes could
have contributed to the resolution of the patient's health problem?
Answer: Phosphate and ammonia buffer systems in the renal tubules
,◉ An 81-year-old female has long-standing hypocalcemia secondary
to kidney disease and will shortly be moving into an assisted living
facility from her own apartment. Which of the following findings
should staff at the facility be instructed to observe for? Answer:
Muscular spasms and complaints of cramps
◉ A 25-year-old Asian American man arrives at the emergency
department in a panic. Except for a bout with bronchitis a week
earlier, he has been healthy his entire life; today he has blood in his
urine. What is the most likely cause of his hematuria and how should
it be treated? Answer: His immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy has
no known effective treatments.
◉ Which of the following individuals is at the highest risk for
developing a urinary tract infection (UTI)? Answer: A 30-year-old
obese woman with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus
◉ A 22-year-old female with a history of intermittent flank pain,
repeated UTIs, and hematuria has been diagnosed with autosomal
dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Which of the
following phenomena has most likely contributed to the
development of her health problem? Answer: She has inherited a
tendency for epithelial cell in her tubules to proliferate
inappropriately.
◉ A nurse educator is orientating new nurses to a renal unit of a
hospital. Which of the following teaching points should the nurse
, include as part of a review of normal glomerular function? Answer:
"Glomerular filtrate is very similar in composition to blood plasma
found elsewhere in circulation."
◉ Which of the following statements best captures an aspect of the
process of fat digestion and absorption? Answer: Simple forms of
fats are absorbed in the upper jejunum.
◉ Chronic anxiety and stress contribute to ulcers. Which of the
following effects of the sympathetic nervous system is most
responsible for this effect? Answer: Inhibition of the actions of
Brunner glands
◉ As part of the intake protocol at an eating disorders clinic, an
interview precedes a physical examination. Which of the following
questions would a clinician be justified in excluding from an intake
interview for a 16-year-old female referred by her pediatrician for
the treatment of anorexia nervosa? Answer: "Have you had any
episodes of shortness of breath in the recent past?"
◉ A 43-year-old male patient has presented to the emergency
department with vomiting that he claims is of sudden onset. The
patient also states that the emesis has often contained frank blood in
the hours prior to admission. Which of the following potential
contributing factors would the care team first suspect? Answer:
Alcohol consumption
TESTED QUESTIONS AND FULL SOLUTION
◉ A 68-year-old woman with a new onset of vascular dementia has
recently begun retaining urine. Which of the following physiological
phenomena would her care providers most realistically expect to be
currently occurring as a result of her urinary retention? Answer:
Hypertrophy of the bladder muscle and increased bladder wall
thickness
◉ A 4-year-old boy who has been deaf since birth and has bilateral
cataracts has been brought to the emergency department by his
mother because she noticed blood in the toilet after he last voided.
Urinalysis confirms heavy microscopic hematuria as well as
proteinuria. What will the care team's initial differential diagnosis
most likely be? Answer: Alport syndrome
◉ A 31-year-old patient with a diagnosis of end-stage liver failure
has been admitted to the intensive care unit of a hospital. Arterial
blood gas sampling indicates that the man has an acid-base
imbalance. Which of the following situations is most likely to result
in an inappropriate pH? Answer: Low albumin and plasma globulin
levels
,◉ Which of the following individuals are displaying identified risk
factors for the development of lower urinary tract obstruction?
Answer: A 68-year-old man who has been diagnosed with benign
prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
◉ A patient is brought to the emergency department with
complaints of shortness of breath. Assessment reveals a full,
bounding pulse, severe edema, and audible crackles in the lower
lung fields bilaterally. What is the patient's most likely diagnosis?
Answer: Fluid volume excess
◉ A 61-year-old woman who has had an upper respiratory infection
for several weeks has presented to her nurse practitioner with
complaints of a recent onset of urinary retention. She reveals to her
nurse practitioner that she has been taking over-the-counter cold
medications at higher than the suggested dose for the past two
weeks. Which of the following phenomena will her nurse
practitioner most likely suspect is contributing to her urinary
retention? Answer: The anticholinergic effects of the medication are
impairing normal bladder function.
◉ Following several days in an acidotic state, a hospital patient has
returned to the desired pH. Which of the following processes could
have contributed to the resolution of the patient's health problem?
Answer: Phosphate and ammonia buffer systems in the renal tubules
,◉ An 81-year-old female has long-standing hypocalcemia secondary
to kidney disease and will shortly be moving into an assisted living
facility from her own apartment. Which of the following findings
should staff at the facility be instructed to observe for? Answer:
Muscular spasms and complaints of cramps
◉ A 25-year-old Asian American man arrives at the emergency
department in a panic. Except for a bout with bronchitis a week
earlier, he has been healthy his entire life; today he has blood in his
urine. What is the most likely cause of his hematuria and how should
it be treated? Answer: His immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy has
no known effective treatments.
◉ Which of the following individuals is at the highest risk for
developing a urinary tract infection (UTI)? Answer: A 30-year-old
obese woman with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus
◉ A 22-year-old female with a history of intermittent flank pain,
repeated UTIs, and hematuria has been diagnosed with autosomal
dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Which of the
following phenomena has most likely contributed to the
development of her health problem? Answer: She has inherited a
tendency for epithelial cell in her tubules to proliferate
inappropriately.
◉ A nurse educator is orientating new nurses to a renal unit of a
hospital. Which of the following teaching points should the nurse
, include as part of a review of normal glomerular function? Answer:
"Glomerular filtrate is very similar in composition to blood plasma
found elsewhere in circulation."
◉ Which of the following statements best captures an aspect of the
process of fat digestion and absorption? Answer: Simple forms of
fats are absorbed in the upper jejunum.
◉ Chronic anxiety and stress contribute to ulcers. Which of the
following effects of the sympathetic nervous system is most
responsible for this effect? Answer: Inhibition of the actions of
Brunner glands
◉ As part of the intake protocol at an eating disorders clinic, an
interview precedes a physical examination. Which of the following
questions would a clinician be justified in excluding from an intake
interview for a 16-year-old female referred by her pediatrician for
the treatment of anorexia nervosa? Answer: "Have you had any
episodes of shortness of breath in the recent past?"
◉ A 43-year-old male patient has presented to the emergency
department with vomiting that he claims is of sudden onset. The
patient also states that the emesis has often contained frank blood in
the hours prior to admission. Which of the following potential
contributing factors would the care team first suspect? Answer:
Alcohol consumption
