Test Bank for Business Statistics Communicating with Numbers 2nd Edition Chapter 02 by Sanjiv Jaggia and Alison Kelly Complete Questions and Verified Answers for Data Analysis and Statistical Understanding Updated Latest 2026–2027 Academic Study Resource

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Chapter 02
1. A frequency distribution for qualitative data groups these data into classes called intervals and

records the total number of observations in each class.



True False


2. The relative frequency of a category is calculated by dividing the category's frequency by the total
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number of observations.
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True False


3. The percent frequency of a category equals the frequency of the category multiplied by 100%.
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True False


4. A pie chart is a segmented circle that portrays the categories and relative sizes of some
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quantitative variable. L




True False


5. A bar chart depicts the frequency or relative frequency of each category of qualitative data as a
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bar rising vertically from the horizontal axis. It is also acceptable for the bar to extend horizontally
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from the vertical axis.
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True False




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6. A bar chart may be displayed horizontally.


True False


7. To approximate the width of a class in the creation of a bar chart, we may use this formula:
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True False


8. For quantitative data, a relative frequency distribution identifies the proportion of observations that
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fall into each class.
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True False


9. For quantitative data, a cumulative relative frequency distribution records the proportion (fraction)
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of values that fall below the upper limit of each class.
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True False


10. A histogram is a series of rectangles where the width and height of each rectangle represent the
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frequency (or relative frequency) and the width of the class, respectively.
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True False




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11. A polygon connects a series of neighboring points where each point represents the midpoint of a
particular class and its associated frequency or relative frequency.
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True False


12. An ogive is a graph that plots the cumulative frequency (or the cumulative relative frequency) of
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each class above the lower limit of the corresponding class.
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True False


13. A stem-and-leaf diagram is useful in that it gives an overall picture of where quantitative data are
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centered and how the data are dispersed from the center.
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True False


14. A scatterplot is a graphical tool that helps determine whether or not two quantitative variables are
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related.



True False


15. When constructing a scatterplot for two quantitative variables, we usually refer to one variable as
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x and another one as y. Typically, we graph x on the vertical axis and y on the horizontal axis.
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True False


16. When constructing a pie chart, only a few, the most frequent, categories must be included in the
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pie.


True False




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17. When summarizing quantitative data it is always better to have up to 30 classes in a frequency

distribution.


True False


18. Scatterplot is a graphical tool that is focused on describing one variable.
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True False


19. Frequency distributions may be used to describe which of the following types of data?
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A. Nominal and ordinal data only
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B. Nominal and interval data only
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C. Nominal, ordinal, and interval data only
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D. Nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio data
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20. In order to summarize qualitative data, a useful tool is a
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A. histogram

B. frequency distribution L




C. stem-and-leaf diagram L




D. All of the above
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