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PharmacologyforNurses-APathophysiologicApproach,
7thEdition(Adams,2025),Chapters1-50

,TABLE OF COnTEnT/
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,
,Pharmacology for nurses, 7e (Adams) Chapter L L L L L L



1 Introduction to Pharmacology
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1) A nurse is reviewing key events inKthe history of pharmacology with a student nurse.Which2stu
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dKentKcomment indicates anKunderstanding? L L




1. "Early researchers used themselves as test subjects." L L L L L L



2. "A primary goal of pharmacology is to prevent disease."
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3. "Penicillin is one of the initial drugs isolated from aKnatural source." L L L L L L L L L L



4. "Pharmacologists began synthesizing drugs in the laboratory in the nineteenthcentury." L L L L L L L L L



ANS; 1 Explanatio L L L



n:
1. Some early researchers, like Friedrich Serturner, used themselves as testsubjects.
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2. An early goal of pharmacology was to relieve human suffering.
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3. Initial drugs isolated from complex mixtures included morphine, colchicine,curare,
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a nd cocaine, but not penicillin.
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4. By the twentieth century, pharmacologists could synthesize drugs inKthelaboratory
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.
Page Ref: 3 L L



Cognitive Level: Applying L L



Client Need/Sub: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies Standards: QS
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EN Competencies: I.A.1 Integrate understanding of multiple dimensions of patient-
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centered care: patient/family/community preferences, values; coordination and integration of care;
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information, communication, and education; physical comfort and emotional support; involveme nt
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of family and friends; and transition and continuity.
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| AACN Essential Competencies: I.7 Integrate the knowledge and methods of a variety ofdisciplines t
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o inform decision making. | NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science: Integration of knowle dge
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from nursing andKother disciplines. | Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Evaluatio n
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Learning Outcome: 1- L L



1 Identify key events in the history of pharmacology. MNL Learning Outcome: 1.1 Exa
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m ine theKrelationship between medicine andpharmacology.
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2) AKstudent nurse asks a nursing instructor why anatomy and physiology as well asmicrobiolog y
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are required courses when the2student only wants to learn about pharmacology. What i s
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tKheKbest response by the instructor? L L L L




1. "Because pharmacology is an outgrowth of those subjects." L L L L L L L



2. "You must learn all, since all of those subjects are part of the curriculum."
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3. "Knowledge of all those subjects will prepare you to administer medication." L L L L L L L L L L



4. "An understanding of those subjects is essential to understand pharmacology."ANS;
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4 Explanation:
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1. Pharmacology is an outgrowth of anatomy, physiology, and microbiology, butthis is2not L L L L L L L L L L L



the mostKessential reason for the nurse to learn them.
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2. The nurse must learn anatomy, physiology, and microbiology to understandpharmac
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ol ogy, not because they are part of theKcurriculum.
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, 3. Knowledge of anatomy, physiology, and microbiology prepares the nurse toundersta L L L L L L L L L L



n d pharmacology, not to provide care such as administration of medications.
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4. It is essential for the2nurse to have aKbroad knowledge base of many sciences inorder to le ar
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n pharmacology. L




Page Ref: 3 L L



Cognitive Level: Applying L L



Client Need/Sub: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies Standards: QS
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EN Competencies: I.A.1 Integrate understanding of multiple dimensions of patient-
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centered care: patient/family/community preferences, values; coordination and integration of care;
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information, communication, and education; physical comfort and emotional support; involveme nt
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of family and friends; and transition and continuity.
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| AACN Essential Competencies: I.7 Integrate the knowledge andKmethods of a variety ofdiscipline s
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t o inform decision making. | NLN Competencies: Knowledge andKScience: Integration of knowl
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edge from nursing and other disciplines. | Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Impleme
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ntatio n L



Learning Outcome: 1- L L



2 Explain the interdisciplinary nature of pharmacology, giving anexample of how knowledge from dif f
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erent sciences impacts the nurse's role in drug administration.
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MNL Learning Outcome: 1.1 Examine the relationship between medicine andpharmacology.
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3) A nurse is teaching aKgroup of nurses aboutKthe differences between pharmacologyandKtherape u
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tics. The nurse determines that learning has occurred when which statements are made?
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Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.
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Select all that apply. L L L



1. "Pharmacology is the development of medicines." L L L L L



2. "Pharmacology is the study of medicines." L L L L L



3. "Therapeutics relates to drug use to treat suffering." L L L L L L L



4. "Therapeutics is the study of drug interactions." L L L L L L



5. "Pharmacology is the study of drugs to prevent disease."ANS; 2 L L L L L L L L L



, 3, 5
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Explanation:
1. Pharmacology is not the development of medicines. L L L L L L



2. Pharmacology is the study of medicines. L L L L L



3. Therapeutics is the use of drugs in the treatment of suffering. L L L L L L L L L L



4. Therapeutics is not relatedKto study of drug interactions. L L L L L L L



5. Pharmacotherapy is the application of drugs for the purpose of diseaseprevention L L L L L L L L L L



.
Page Ref: 4 L L



Cognitive Level: Applying L L



Client Need/Sub: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies Standards: Q
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S EN Competencies: I.A.1 Integrate understanding of multiple dimensions of patient-
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centered care: patient/family/community preferences, values; coordination and integration of care;
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information, communication, and education; physical comfort and emotional support; involveme nt
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of family and friends; and transition and continuity.
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,| AACN Essential Competencies: I.7 Integrate the knowledge and methods of a variety ofdisciplines t
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o inform decision making. | NLN Competencies: Knowledge and Science: Integration of knowle dge
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from nursing and other disciplines. | Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Evaluatio n
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Learning Outcome: 1- L L



3 Compare and contrast therapeutics and pharmacology.MNL Learning Outcome: 1.1 Exa
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m ine the relationship between medicine and pharmacology.
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4) A nurse administers a vaccine to a client. WhatKis the nurse's best understanding as itKrelates t
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oKt he manufacture of a vaccine?
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1. The vaccine is produced by natural plant extracts in the laboratory.
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2. The vaccine is naturally produced in animal cells or microorganisms.
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3. The vaccine is produced by aKcombination of animal and plant products.
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4. The vaccine is most commonly synthesized in a laboratory.ANS;
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2 Explanation:
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1. Vaccines are not produced by natural plant extracts. L L L L L L L



2. Vaccines are naturally produced in animal cells, microorganisms, or by the bodyitself. L L L L L L L L L L L




3. Vaccines are not produced by a combination of animal andKplant products. L L L L L L L L L L



4. Vaccines are not synthesized in aKlaboratory.Page L L L L L L



Ref: 4 L



Cognitive Level: Applying L L



Client Need/Sub: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies Standards: Q S
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EN Competencies: III.A.1 Demonstrate knowledge of basic scientific methods2and processes. | A
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ACN Essential Competencies: IX.3 Implement holistic, patient-
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centered care that reflects an understanding of human growth and development, pathophysiology,
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pharmacology, medical management, and nursing management across the health- L L L L L L L L



illness continuum, across lifespan, and in all healthcaresettings. | NLN Competencies: Knowledge
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and Science: Integration of knowledge fromnursing and other disciplines. | Nursing/Integrated C
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oncepts: Nursing Process: Evaluation L L L



Learning Outcome: 1- L L



4 Compare and contrast traditional drugs, biologics, andcomplementary and alternative medicine th e
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rapies.
MNL Learning Outcome: 1.1 Examine the relationship between medicine andpharmacology.
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5) An older client is admitted with gastrointestinal bleeding. The client says to the nurse, "I do
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n't understand this. All I did was2take ibuprofen (Advil) for my arthritis."What is the nurse's b
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est r esponse? L L




1. Review nonpharmacologic methods to relieve joint pain. L L L L L L



2. Encourage the client to substitute safer drugs, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol). L L L L L L L L L L



3. Remind theKclient to contact their healthcare provider before taking any over- L L L L L L L L L L L



the- counter (OTC) medications. L L L




4. Teach the client about the side effects of ibuprofen (Advil).ANS; L L L L L L L L L L



4KExplanation:

, 1. Reviewing nonpharmacologic methods to relieve joint pain is appropriate for thisclient, but i
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t's notKthe highestKpriority. ItKdoesn't address the client's current concern about how ibupr of
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en may have increased the risk of having a GI bleed.
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2. SubstitutionKof other drugs may be beneficial, but this cannot be done in all situations. In ad L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L



dition, it doesn't address the client's current concern about howibuprofen may have increa s
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ed the risk of having a GI bleed. L L L L L L L




3. ItKis not a realistic plan to expect clients toKcontact their physician prior to takingany over-
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the-
counter (OTC) medication. In addition, it doesn't address the client's current concern ab
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o ut how ibuprofen may have increased the risk of having a GI bleed.
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4. It is essential for the nurse to teach clients about the advantages, and the disadvantages (i
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ncluding side effects), of all medications andKsupplements theclient is taking.
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Page Ref: 6
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Cognitive Level: Applying L L



Client Need/Sub: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies Standards: Q
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S EN Competencies: III.A.1 Demonstrate knowledge of basic scientific methods and processes. |
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AA CN Essential Competencies: II.7 Promote factors that create a culture of safety and caring. |
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NLN Competencies: Context and Environment: HealthKpromotion/disease prevention. | Nursing/I
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nteg rated Concepts: NursingKProcess:Planning
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Learning Outcome: 1-9 Outline the major differences between prescription and over-the-
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counter drugs. L



MNL Learning Outcome: 1.4 Examine the nurse's role and responsibilities in drugadministration.
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6) AKnurse teaches a student nurse about the pharmacological classification of drugs.The nurse ev
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aluates that learning has occurred when the student makes whichKresponse?
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1. "An anti-anginal treats angina." L L L



2. "A calcium channel blocker blocks heart calcium channels."
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3. "An antihypertensive lowers blood pressure." L L L L



4. "An anticoagulant influences blood clotting."ANS; L L L L



2
Explanation:
1. To say that a drug treats angina addresses the therapeutic usefulness of thedrug, not2t
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he pharmacological classification. L L




2. The pharmacological classification addresses a2drug's mechanism of action, orhow aKdrug
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produces its effect in the body. L L L L L




3. To say that a drug lowers bloodKpressure addresses the therapeutic usefulness ofthe drug, n
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ot the pharmacological classification.
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4. To say that a drug influences blood clotting addresses the therapeutic usefulnessof theKdru
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g, not the2pharmacological classification.
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Page Ref: 5
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Cognitive Level: Applying L L



Client Need/Sub: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and ParenteralKTherapies
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,Standards: QSEN Competencies: III.A.1 Demonstrate knowledge of basic scientific methods and pr oc
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esses. | AACN Essential Competencies: I.7 Integrate the knowledge and methods of a variety of di scipl
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ines to inform decision making. | NLN Competencies:Knowledge and Science: Integration of k nowled
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ge from nursing and other disciplines. | Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Eval uation
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Learning Outcome: 1- L L



5 ExplainKthe basis for placing drugs into therapeutic andpharmacologic classes.
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MNL Learning Outcome: 1.2 Identify how drugs are named and classified.
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,7) A nurse is providing medication education to a client with hypertension. TheKnurseteaches th e
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client that the healthcare provider ordered a diuretic to decrease the amountKof fluid in the cli
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ent's body. Which statement best describes the nurse's instruction?
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1. The nurse provided appropriate medication education.
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2. The nurse explained the drug's mechanism of action.
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3. The nurse taught the client about a prototype drug.
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4. The nurse explained the consequences of not using the drug.ANS;
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2 Explanation:
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1. The education was mostKlikely appropriate, but this response is too vague.
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2. A drug's mechanism of action explains how a drug produces its effect in thebody.
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3. There is no drug name present, so it is not known whether this is a prototypedrug.
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4. The nurse did not explain the consequences of not using the drug.Page Ref:
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5
Cognitive Level: Applying L L



Client Need/Sub: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies Standards: QS
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EN Competencies: III.A.1 Demonstrate knowledge of basic scientific methods and processes. | A
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A CN Essential Competencies: I.7 Integrate the knowledge and methods of a variety of disciplines2to in
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formKdecision making. | NLN Competencies:Knowledge and Science: Integration of knowledge fro
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m nursing and other disciplines. | Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Evaluation L
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earning Outcome: 1- L L



7 Describe what is meant by a drug's mechanism of action.MNL Learning Outcome: 1.2 Id e
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ntify how drugs are named and classified.
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8) A student nurse asks a nursing instructor how to remember all of the antibiotic drugs since th
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er e are so many. What is the best response by the nursing instructor?
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1. "Mnemonics will help you tell the difference between drugs." L L L L L L L L



2. "A flow chart will help enhance your memory."
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3. "Categorize the individual drugs by therapeutic effect." L L L L L L



4. "Focus on a representative drug from each class."ANS; L L L L L L L



4
Explanation:
1. Using mnemonics is not the best way to learn about drugs. L L L L L L L L L L



2. Flow charts are not the best way to learn about drugs.L L L L L L L L L L



3. Categorizing individual drugs is not the best way to learn about drugs. L L L L L L L L L L L



4. A prototype, or representative, drug is the well-
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understoodKdrug model fromwhich other drugs in a pharmacological class are compared L L L L L L L L L L



.
Page Ref: 5 L L



Cognitive Level: Applying L L



Client Need/Sub: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies Standards: Q S
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EN Competencies: III.A.1 Demonstrate knowledge of basic scientific methods and processes. | AA
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CN Essential Competencies: I.7 Integrate the knowledge and methods of a variety of disciplines to in
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form decision making. | NLN Competencies:
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, Knowledge andKScience: Integration of knowledge from nursing and other disciplines. |Nursing/Int
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e grated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation
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Learning Outcome: 1- L L



6 Discuss the prototype approach to drug classification.MNL Learning Outcome: 1.2 Id e
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ntify how drugs are named and classified.
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9) A client has been taking paroxetine (Paxil) for a year and tells aKnurse it is no longerworkin
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g. What is the bestKresponse by theKnurse?
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1. "This sounds like your medication needs changing." L L L L L L



2. "Let's look for interactions with other medications you are taking." L L L L L L L L L



3. "Are you taking name brand Paxil or the generic version paroxetine?"
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4. "It is time for us to do the Beck Depression assessment again."ANS;
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3 Explanation:
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1. Considering a change in medication is appropriate, but another assessment takespriority. L L L L L L L L L L



2. Assessing for interactions with other drugs is appropriate, but anotherassessme L L L L L L L L L L



n t takes priority. L L L




3. The bioavailability of a generic drug may not be the same as the bioavailability ofa brand na
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m e drug. L L




4. Assessing for worsening of depression is appropriate, but another assessmenttakes prior i L L L L L L L L L L L L



ty.
Page Ref: 7 L L



Cognitive Level: Applying L L



Client Need/Sub: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies Standards: QS
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EN Competencies: III.A.1 Demonstrate knowledge of basic scientific methods andKprocesses. | A
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A CN Essential Competencies: I.7 Integrate the knowledge and methods of aKvariety of disciplines t
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oKinKformKdecision making. | NLN Competencies:Knowledge and Science: Integration of knowledg L L L L L L L L L L



e fro m nursing and other disciplines. | Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Assessment
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Learning Outcome: 1- L L



10 Explain the differences between trade name drugs and theirgeneric equivalents. MNL2L
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earning Outcome: 1.3 Recognize features of generic and trade-
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name equivalentdrugs, and biosimilar drugs.
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